Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CRG RUSVM Immunology > organs of the immune system > Flashcards

organs of the immune system Flashcards

1
Q

where are lymphoid cells first produced in the fetus

A
  • yolk sac
  • fetal omentum
  • liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

in older fetuses and adults lymphoid cells are produced

A

-in bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of organ is bone marrow

A
  • hematopoietic organ

- it gives rise to all blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what two types of lympoid organs are there

A
  • primary lymphoid organs

- secondary lymphoid organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what makes up the primary lymphoid organs

A
  • bone marrow
  • thymus
  • bursa of fabricius in birds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what makes up the secondary lymphoid organs

A
  • spleen
  • lymph nodes
  • non-encapsulated lymphoid tissue
  • peter’s patches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Primary lymphoid organs:

A

organs that regulate the development of lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do t lymphocytes develop and mature

A

t cells develop in bone marrow and mature in the thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is different about the t and b lymphocytes development and maturation differ

A

b cell development and maturation depends on the animal species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where do B lymohocytes develop/mature in birds

A

-Bursa of Fabricius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where do B lymohocytes develop/mature in primates and rodents

A

-bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where do B lymohocytes develop/mature in rabbits, dogs, ruminants and pigs

A

intestinal lymphoid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is the thymus located?

A

the thymus is located in the thoracic cavity in front and below the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does it mean when the thymus undergoes involution

A

-The thymus starts large in newborns but regresses to invisible in adult animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the structure of the thymus

A

-covered by connective tissue capsule and consists of lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is contained in the cortex of they thymus

A

thymocytes (lymphocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is contained in the medulla of the thymus

A
  • only a few lymphocytes

- no lymphatic vessels leave the thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the primary function of the thymus

A

-the maturation of T lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where do T lymphocytes learn to recognize self antigens

A

thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how myst t lymphocytes bond to self antigens

A

They must not respond/bond strongly to self antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what happens to thymocytes with receptors that bind strongly to self antigens

A

they are destroyed through apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

apoptosis during the antigen selection is what kind of selection

A

negative selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens to thymocytes that cannot bind any MHC 2 molecules

A

they are also removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens to thymocytes that recognize MHC 2/Ag complexes with moderate affinity

A

-they are allowed to live and is known as positive selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happens to the positively selected cells in the thymus

A

-the positively selected cells leave the thymus as mature T lymphocytes and populate the secondary lymphoid organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what regulates the maturation process in the thymus

A
  • a mixture of cytokines and thymic hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

which cytokines and thymic hormones are used in the maturation of t cells in the thymus

A
  • thymosin
  • thymopoietins
  • thymulin
  • thymostimulins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

where is the bursa of fabricius found

A
  • only in birds

- round sac located just before the cloaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how is the bursa of fabricius and thymus similar in regards to the animals age

A

they both undergo involution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the interior structure of the burs of fabricius

A

-epithelium embeds the lymphocytes and lines a hollow sac connected to the cloaca by a duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the follicles in the bursa fo fabricius

A

fold made of epithelium that extend into the sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

each follicle in the bursa of fabricius has 2 zones called

A

the cortex and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the cortex of the bursa of fabricius containes

A
  • lymphocytes
  • plasma cells
  • macrophages
34
Q

what is the function of the bursa of fabricius

A

-maturation of B lymphocytes

35
Q

what kind of selection takes place inside the bursa of fabricius

A

-negative and positive selection of B lymphocytes

36
Q

what differentiation takes place in the bursa of fabricius

A

differentiation of antibody-forming cells (b-Lymphocytes)

37
Q

what are the secondary lymphoid organs divided into

A
  • encapsulated organs

- non-encapsulated tissue

38
Q

what are examples of encapsulated secondary lymphoid organs

A
  • lymph nodes

- splee

39
Q

what are examples of non encapsulated secondary lymphoid tissue

A

-mucosal lymphoid aggregates

40
Q

when do secondary lymphoid organs develop and how long do the persist

A
  • develop late in fetal life

- persist in adult life

41
Q

how do secondary lymphoid organs react to antigenic stimulation

A

Enlarge

42
Q

how is the immune system impaired when a secondary lymphoid organ is removed surgicaly

A

-this does not impair immune capabiltiy

43
Q

how do DC interact with the secondary lymphoid organs

A

-The secondary lymphoid organs contain DC which trap and process antigens, and later present these antigens to lymphocytes to initiate an immune response

44
Q

Lymph nodes act as

A

filters of lymph to trap antigens

45
Q

what is the shape of the lymph nodes

A
  • round/bean shaped

- encapsulated organ

46
Q

how is the interior of the lymph nodes divided

A
  • outer:cortex
  • between the cortex and medulla: paracortex
  • Inner: medulla
47
Q

where are B lymphocytes found in the lymph nodes

A
  • in the cortex

- in germinal centers surrounded by capsules

48
Q

where are T cells and DC found in lymph nodes

A

-mainly in the paracortex

49
Q

what is contained in the medulla of the lymph node

A

-the medullar contains many different types of cells

50
Q

what is the dirrection of the afferent lymph flow.

A

flow of lymph from local tissue into the lymph node

51
Q

Lymphocytes, DCs and Antigens are carried in the ______ lymph flow (to/from) the lymph node

A
  • Afferent

- to the lymph node

52
Q

Lymph enter the lymph node through

A

the subscapsular sinus

53
Q

what happens to the lymph oafter it enters the lymph node via the subscapular sinus

A

-it percolates through the lymph node to the medullary sinus

54
Q

Where does lymph exit the lymph node

A

-through the efferent lymphatic vessels

55
Q

do lymph nodes have blood supply?

A

yes lymph nodes have arterial and venous blood supply

56
Q

what is the principle function of Lymph nodes

A

-is to facilitate the interaction between dendritic cells and antigen sensitive T and B lymphocytes

57
Q

what is the spleen

A
  • a large encapsulated organ found in almost all vertebrate animals
  • structured by a network of connective tissue trabeculae
58
Q

what two types of tissue makes up the spleen

A
  • Red pulp

- White pulp

59
Q

What is Red pulp tissue in the spleen

A

it is tissue that does blood filtering and RBC storage

60
Q

what is the white tissue in the spleen

A
  • where immune induction occurs

- rich in lymphocytes

61
Q

what does the spleen filter the blood for

A

the spleen filters blood for

  • blood-borne antigens
  • cellular debris
  • aged blood cells
62
Q

what does the spleen store

A
  • RBC
  • Platelets
  • recycles iron
63
Q

what type of lymphoid organ is the peyers patch and where is it located?

A
  • it is a non encapsulated lymphoid tissue

- located in the wall of the small intestines

64
Q

where is the peyers patch found in ruminants pigs dogs and rabbits

A

in the ileum

65
Q

what type of lymphoid organ is the peyers patch found in ruminants pigs dogs and rabbits

A

it is a primary lymphoid organ for B cell development

66
Q

what is in the peyers patch

A

-it contains densely packed lymphoid follicles containing only B lymphocytes

67
Q

Peyers patches are covered by an _________ layer containing specialized cells called ________ which have characteristic membrane ruffles

A
  • epithelial layer

- M cells

68
Q

does the peyers patch undergo involution

A

yes

69
Q

what other lymphoid organ has a similar function to the peyers patch

A

-Bursa of Fabricius

70
Q

where is the peyers patch located in rabbits and rodents

A

-located in the ileum and jejunum at random intervals

71
Q

what is different about the peyers patch in the rodents and rabbits

A

-in these species the PP develops 2-4 weeks after birth and do not undergo involution

72
Q

T/F non-encapsulated lymphoid aggregates do not make up a large portion of the total lymphoid tissue

A

false

73
Q

where is most of the non-encapsulated lymphoid tissue found

A

in the intestinal mucosal

74
Q

MALT

A

Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

75
Q

what 4 groups of tissues make up MALT

A
  • GALT
  • BALT
  • NALT
  • CALT
76
Q

GALT:

A

Gastrointestinal associated lymphoid tissue

77
Q

BALT:

A

Bronchial associated lymphoid tissue

78
Q

NALT:

A

Nasal associated lymphoid tissue

79
Q

CALT:

A

conjunctiva associated lymphoid tissue

80
Q

which of the 4 tissues that makes up the MALT is the best know

A

GALT

81
Q

Why is the GALT important

A

-it is the induction site and effector site of the intestinal immune response

CRG RUSVM Immunology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions