Organs of Digestion Flashcards

Question

Geniohyoideus

Answer 1

Pulls hyoid forward and tongue with it

Answer 2

Lingual artery Branches of external carotid artery facial artery and ascending pharyngeal artery

Answer 3

Motor by hypoglossal nerve (CNXII) Sensory (touch and temperature) by lingual branch of the trigeminal (CNV) Sensory (taste) by glossopharyngeal (CNIX)

Answer 4

Mechanical Caudal third No taste buds Thick epithelium ABSENT in horses

Answer 5

Gustatory Caudal third Taste buds 8-12 papillae either side Stratified squamous epithelium ABSENT in ruminants

Answer 6

Gustatory Taste buds Lymphatics

Answer 7

Gustatory Rostral two thirds Stratified squamous epithelium Taste buds Blood vessels Heat loss via panting

Answer 8

Mechanical Very numerous Thick keratin on SSE No taste buds, glands or lymphatics Rostral two thirds in cats

Answer 9

Erupt completely and do not grow after eruption Ruminant incisors Pig everything except tusks Carnivore everything

Answer 10

Continue to grow after eruption in response to attrition

Answer 11

Have roots Growth slows with age as root apex closes Horse teeth

Answer 12

Have no roots Growth does not slow with age Rabbit incisors

Answer 13

1. Right upper 2. Left upper 3. Left lower 4. Right lower

Answer 14

Small, single-rooted teeth that commonly become mobile when affected by periodontal disease.

Answer 15

Keep tongue in mouth Maintain shape of lip Tearing and ripping Catching prey

Answer 16

"Pinking shear" appearance

Answer 17

Grinding Affected by caries

Answer 18

96% inorganic, mainly hydroxyapatite crystals, with 4% water and fibrous organic material. Hardest substance in the body and covers the exterior surface of the crowns only. Consists of hexagonal prisms or rods of hydroxyapatite crystals held together by a cementing organic matrix. Formed by ameloblasts within the tooth bud before eruption. After eruption it is capable of only very limited repair when damaged.

Answer 19

Living tissue Located in the pulp chambers and root canals. Well innervated and vascularised Connective tissue, nerves, lymph and blood vessels, collagen and undifferentiated reserve mesenchymal cells (e.g. odontoblasts).

Answer 20

Main supporting structure of the tooth Second hardest tissue in the body after enamel 70% mineral and acellular, as hydroxyapatite crystals, and 30% organic as water, collagen and mucopolysaccharide. The main structure is the dentinal tubule, which extends from the external surface to the pulp. Approximately 30,000 - 40,000 tubules per square millimetre, which can transmit pain to the pulp if the dentine is exposed.

Answer 21

Taut collagen fibre bundles (called Sharpey’s fibres where they are inserted in cementum and alveolar bone) which are anchored to the cementum of the tooth and the alveolar bone. Evenly distribute blood vessels Nerves transmit heat, cold, pain and pressure in addition to proprioception in some species.

Answer 22

Covers the enamel free roots and provides a point of attachment for the periodontal ligament Similar in composition to woven bone it is 45-50% inorganic, primarily as hydroxyapatite crystals, and 50-55% organic material. Formation, destruction and repair and remodels continually throughout life Nourished from vessels within the periodontal ligament.

Answer 23

The densest bone lines the alveolus and is called the cribriform plate. It may be seen radiographically as a white line called the lamina dura.

Answer 24

The junction between the soft, fleshy mucus membrane of the oral cavity and the tough, collagen rich gingiva. Remains stationary throughout life although the gingiva around it may change in height, due to hyperplasia, recession or attachment loss.

Answer 25

The cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) is the junction between the anatomical crown and root. In health the junction is not visible. If it is visible, the division between the shiny enamel and the slightly dull root cementum is very clear. Normally the apical (towards the root) extent of the junctional epithelium. Therefore sight of the CEJ indicates recession of the attachments of the tooth and is highly significant.

Answer 26

The gingival sulcus is located between the tooth and the free gingival margin and is the crevice that surrounds the tooth. The sulcus lining epithelium renews itself rapidly every 4-6 days - compared to 6-12 days for oral epithelium. Bathed in crevicular fluid, which contains many of the elements of immunity – antibodies, neutrophils, lymphocytes etc. The normal depth of the sulcus is 0.5mm to 1mm in cats and 1-3mm in dogs. As a rule 1mm for cats and 1-2mm in dogs can be considered normal. Sulcus depth of more than 4mm in the dog means that the tooth is in danger! During active disease and attachment loss it is common for the sulcus to deepen. As the junctional epithelium becomes inflamed and oedematous it separates from the root surface. The tissues become infiltrated with the cells normally found in this response – both primary and secondary. The junctional epithelium allows for the migration of polymorphonuclear granulocytes and fluids.

Answer 27

I - 3/3 C - 1/1 P - 3/3 M - 0/0

Answer 28

I - 3/3 C - 1/1 P - 4/4 M - 2/3

Answer 29

I - 3/3 C - 1/1 P - 3/2 M - 0/0

Answer 30

I - 3/3 C - 1/1 P - 3/2 M - 1/1

Answer 31

I - 3/3 C- 0/0 P - 3/3 M - 0/0

Answer 32

I - 3/3 C - 1/1 P - 3 or 4/3 M - 3/3

Answer 33

I - 0/4 C - 0/0 P - 3/3 M - 0/0

Answer 34

I - 0/4 C - 0/0 P - 3/3 M - 3/3

Answer 35

I - 0/4 C - 0/0 P - 3/3 M - 0/0

Answer 36

I - 0/4 C - 0/0 P - 3/3 M - 3/3

Answer 37

I - 3/3 C - 1/1 P - 4/4 M - 0/0

Answer 38

I - 3/3 C - 1/1 P - 4/4 M - 3/3