Organs and Systems

Question 1

Name the part of the heart beginning with ‘v’

Answer 1

Ventricle

Question 2

Name the part of the heart beginning with ‘v’ and ‘c’

Answer 2

Vena Cava

Question 3

Name the part of the heart beginning with ‘va’

Answer 3

Valve

Question 4

Name the part of the heart beginning with ‘at’

Answer 4

Atrium

Question 5

Name the part of the heart beginning with ‘ao’

Answer 5

Aorta

Question 6

Name the part of the heart beginning with ‘p’ and ‘v’

Answer 6

Pulmonary Vein

Question 7

Name the part of the heart beginning with ‘p’ and ‘a’

Answer 7

Pulmonary Artery.

Question 8

Name the system containing the heart and lungs

Answer 8

Cardiovascular system

Question 9

Explain the double circulatory system

Answer 9

One system pumps deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the heart- the other system pumps oxygenated blood around the body and deoxygenated blood returns to the heart

Question 10

Why do we have a double circulatory system

Answer 10

So we have higher blood pressure which is more efficient as there is greater blood flow to bodily tissues

Question 11

What are the four main components of the blood

Answer 11

Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets

Question 12

Red blood cells function

Answer 12

RBCs contain haemoglobin which binds to oxygen so they can transport oxygen around the body

Question 13

White blood cells function

Answer 13

White blood cells engulf pathogens (process called phagocytosis) and are a key part of the immune system

Question 14

Platelets function

Answer 14

They contain chemicals which are excreted into the plasma when in contact with air or damaged cells, these chemicals turn the plasma into sticky fibrin which traps RBCs forming a blood clot which hardens into a scab

Question 15

Name the three types of tubes in the circulatory system

Answer 15

Veins, arteries and capillaries

Question 16

How are veins specialised?

Answer 16

They have thinner walls because blood pressure is lower and have large lumen (the hollow hole) to accommodate for the low bp to help the blood flow- they also have valves to prevent backflow

Question 17

How are arteries specialised?

Answer 17

Higher bp so thicker elastic walls which contain muscle to make them stronger

Question 18

How are capillaries specialised?

Answer 18

They are incredibly small and thin so they minimise the diffusion pathway between cells and have permeable walls

Question 19

Name the system containing the stomach and oesophagus

Answer 19

The digestive system

Question 20

Name the parts involved in the digestive system

Answer 20

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus (assisting organs are the pancreas, the gallbladder and the liver)

Question 21

Stomach function

Answer 21

Muscular walls pummel food, produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give right pH (2) for protease enzyme

Question 22

Liver function

Answer 22

Where bile is produced which neutralises stomach acid

Question 23

Gall Bladder function

Answer 23

Stores bile before it is released into the small intestine

Question 24

Pancreas function

Answer 24

Produces enzymes and releases them into the small intestine

Question 25

Small intestine function

Answer 25

Where digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system into the blood

Question 26

Name of carbohydrate/ starch digesting enzyme, products and where it is produced

Answer 26

Amylase, simple sugars (glucose) + maltose and it is secreted by the pancreas, small intestine and salivary glands

Question 27

Name of fat (lipid) digesting enzyme, product and where it is produced

Answer 27

Lipase, fatty acids and glycerol, pancreas and small intestine

Question 28

Name of protein digesting enzyme, product, and where it is found

Answer 28

Protease, amino acids, pancreas, stomach and small intestine

Question 29

Lock and key enzyme theory

Answer 29

A theory stating that enzymes are specific to one type of substrate as they have an active site that has a complementary shape to only one type of substrate

Question 30

Induced fit

Answer 30

The enzyme actually changes shape to bind tighter to the substrate and this is called induced fit

Question 31

Why is temperature important with enzymes?

Answer 31

Should be warm so thermal energy allows for more movement of enzymes and substrates so they can digest faster, not too warm though or the enzymes’ active sites will denature, 37 degrees is perfect as it is body temperature

Question 32

What solution is used to test for starch during an amylase test

Answer 32

Iodine solution, changes from browny orange to bluey black

Question 33

What are catalysts?

Answer 33

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions

Question 34

Rate of reaction equation

Answer 34

Rate= 1000/time
or
Rate= amount of product made/time

Question 35

Name the organisation of the body

Answer 35

subcellular structures, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism (human body)

Question 36

Name the parts of the lung

Answer 36

Trachea (wind pipe)- splits into two bronchi, splits into bronchioles, splits into alveoli, diaphragm below

Question 37

How are lungs specialised

Answer 37

Large surface area in alveoli allows for faster rate of diffusion, very thin so shorter diffusion pathway, breathing pattern maintains large diffusion gradient

Question 38

Factors affecting the rate of diffusion

Answer 38

Temperature, surface area, diffusion pathway, diffusion gradient

Question 39

Diffusion definition

Answer 39

The net movement of particles from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration

Question 40

Osmosis definition

Answer 40

The movement of water from areas of higher to lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane