Organoids

Question 1

What are organoids ?

Answer 1

Miniature and simplified versions of an organ produced in vitro
3D
derived from stem cell progenitors
self renew and self organise

Question 2

How are organoids grown?

Answer 2

Stem/progenitor cells

Grown in an environment which mimics in vivo environment

Question 3

What are the two ways organoids an be generated?

Answer 3

adult stem cells and PSCs by directed differentiation

Question 4

How are ectodermal tissues derived from pluripotent stem cell? (4)

Answer 4

1. cerebral = minimal media that only allows survival of neural tissue
2. Brain-region specific = growth factors and small molecules
3. Retinal = dissolving MG easier and lower serum replacement media
4. Inner ear = step-wise differentiation, same as retinal plus Low FGF and BMP inhibition

Question 5

How are ectodermal tissues derived from adult stem cells?

Answer 5

Mammory gland epithelial cells = cultured in collagen gel with forskolin to form tubules and ducts of a mammory gland