Formation of tissues and organs Flashcards
What is organogenesis?
Process where organs arise from 1 of the 3 germ layers
- needs inout from genetic programmes, cell-cell interaction and mechanical forces
- undifferentiated cells gradually become differentiated
What organs does the endoderm give rise to?
lungs, intestine, thyroid, bladder, pancreas
What organs does the ectoderm give rise to?
Skin, NS
What organs does the mesoderm give rise to?
heart, blood, bone
What is the eye an extension of when developing ?
diencephalon (forebrain)
When do the otic and optic vesicles develop?
4 weeks
What are the formation of organ buds and their outgrowths from the foregut endoderm controlled by?
Mesodermal signals
where does the pancreas originate from?
ventral and dorsal endodermal buds located caudally to the liver
What is the difference between animal and plant regeneration?
near total regeneration in plants occurs but limited regeneration abilities found in mammals
What triggers regeneration?
Damaged cells release soluble chemoattractants (chemokines) which recruit somatic stem cells to site of injury
Cells differentiate into target cell type
Stem cells induce local changes e.g generation of new blood vessels that promote wound healing
What is the first system to develop?
heart, BV and blood cells
To allow oxygen and nutrients to be rapidly delivered to developing tissues
What is the posterior foregut?
part of the endoderm area of the embryo not an organ
What do mesodermal signals do?
specific endoderm cells to hepatic and pancreatic fates
Promotes proliferation of the budding cells
formation of organ buds and their outgrowth from the foregut endoderm
How does the pancreas develop?
cell proliferation causes population of multipoint progenitors which differentiate to mature epithelial cell types: endocrine, acinar and ductal cells
How does the liver develop?
over time become spatially organised into lobes
Form hepatocytes
