organizing arguments Flashcards
module 2
what are atomic propositions
they cannot be broken down into component sentences
what are conjunctions
a kind of compound proposition which include two or more component sentences
the students are young and every one of them is eager to learn
conjunction
how can you tell something is a conjunction
joined by words like “and” “but” or “while”
what are the components of conjunctions called
conjuncts
t or f a conjunction is true if and only both conjuncts are true
true
how can you tell something is a disjunction
joined by words “or” and “unless’
t or f a disjunction is true if and only one, the other, or both components are true
true
what are components of disjunctions called
disjuncts
how can you tell something is a conditional
two sentences are joined by “if” “then” “or by” “only if”
if it is winter then it is cold
conditional
what is the if-component called in conditionals
an antecedent
what is a then-component called in conditionals
consequent
when is a conditional not true
the if-component is true and then then-component is false
what is a bi conditional
joins two conditionals with the same with the same components but in reversed positions
when is a bi conditional true
when both components are true or both components are false
when are negations true
if and only if removing the negating word resulting in a false proposition
what are examples of auxiliary verbs
(help identify conclusions)
“should”
“ought to”
“had better”
t or f you can always rely on indicators because they are always present
false you cannot rely because they are not always present
how do you determine if an argument is good
determine whether the premises are true and you cannot determine whether its premises are true unless you know exactly what they are
how do you put an argument in standard form
list the premises
draw a line
write down the conclusion
