Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 30 > Organizations of Life Review > Flashcards

Organizations of Life Review Flashcards

1
Q

Cell theory

A

-All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
-Basic unit of life.
-Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Unicellular

A

An organism that only consist of one cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Multicellular

A

An organism that consists of more than one cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Are the simplest and smallest cells. They don’t have a nucleus or membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Have a membrane-bound nucleas and organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Organelles

A

-Are tiny structures inside cells that carry out specific functions.
Means “little organ”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Animal cells

A

The building blocks that make up all living organisms in the animal kingdom.
-Have lysosomes
-Small vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Plant cells

A

Building blocks of all plants.
-Have cell wall that provides structure.
-Have chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
-Large vacuole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Are an important source of energy. They provide support for cells and communication between cells and are made up of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon
.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Proteins

A

Are the bullding blocks of life because they perform many different functions. The primary structure is a long chain of many smaller molecules called amino acids. There are 20 different amino acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lipids

A

Are a group of molecules that include fats, oils, waxes, and some steroids. Lipids are the main component of cell membranes. Are used in the storage of energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Are compounds that contain phosphorus and nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. These long chains are made from many smaller molecules called nucleotides. Nucleic acids form RNA and DNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cell membrane

A

Separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cell wall

A

The cell wall is located outside of the cell membrane. Its main function is to provide rigidity, strength, and protection against mechanical stress and infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cellulose

A

-a complex carbohydrate
-plant cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chitin

A

-a complex carbohydrate
-fungal cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

-sugars and amino acids
-bacterial cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model

A

describes membranes as a fluid combination of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Differentially permeable

A

they allow the passage of small molecules but not large molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Selectively permeable

A

they allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by means of passive or active transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

a difference in the concentration of solute across a membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Equilibrium

A

Concentrations of solute and solvent are equal on both sides of the membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Passive transport

A

DOES NOT require energy
-high to low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diffusion

A

is the process resulting from random motion of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Osmosis
is the movement of water molecules of a solution from a high concentration to a lower concentration, through a cell's semipermeable membrane.
26
Active transport
Requires ATP energy. -low to high concentration
27
Exocytosis
exiting cell
28
Endocytosis
entering cell
29
Hypotonic Solution
-Concentration of solutes are higher inside the cell than outside the cell. -Water moves into the cell and solutes move out of the cell. -Cell will swell
30
Isotonic Solution
-Solute concentrations are equal inside and outside of the cell. -No movement of water or solutes.
31
Hypertonic Solution
Concentration of solutes is lower inside the cell than outside the cell. Water moves out of the cell and solutes move into the cell. -Cell will shrivel and die.
32
Facilitated diffusion
Channel and carrier proteins in the membrane ease the diffusion of molecules that cannot cross on their own.
33
ATP
the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.
34
Photosynthesis
A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight. Formula: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
35
Cellular Respiration
-Is the process by which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions. - involves glucose and oxygen as inputs, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP) as outputs.
36
Mitosis
is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
37
extremophiles
(organisms that thrive in physically or geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental to most life on Earth.) Halophiles – Organisms that thrive in high salt concentrations Acidophiles – Organisms that thrive under highly acidic conditions Thermophiles – Organisms that thrive at relatively high temperatures, between 41 and 122°C
38
Fluid regulation
constant internal environment to ensure that a balance between fluid gain and fluid loss is maintained.
39
Types of Asexual Reproduction
-Binary Fission -Budding -Fragmentation -Vegetative Propagation -Parthenogenesis -Sporogenesis -Spore Formation
40
Phospholipid
a molecule with two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone.
41
Sexual reproduction
-involves two parents and the fusion of gametes. -produces offspring that are genetically unique and increases genetic variation within a species.
42
Asexual reproduction
-involves only one parent. -occurs without a fusion of gametes and produces offspring that are all genetically identical to the parent.
43
Sexual selection
-is a type of natural selection where one sex has a preference for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex (exaggerated or showy traits) - leading to increased reproductive success of those who have that particular characteristic.
44
Sexual dimorphism
can lead to specific behaviors in males that increase their reproductive success (male birds dancing)
45
Homeostasis
the tendency of an organism to maintain a stable internal state.
46
thermoregulation
Animals have body structures and physiological responses that control how much heat they exchange with the environment.
47
Dichotomous keys
are tools that allow the user to identify a certain item.
48
taxonomy
a science that deals with naming, describing and classification of all living organisms including plants.
49
Meiosis
-Cell division in reproductive cells. - two-phase process divides the chromosomes of a diploid germ cell, generating four haploid gametes.
50
levels of classification
-domain -kingdom -phylum -class -order -family -genus -species
51
Six kingdoms
-Bacteria -Archaea -Protista -Plantae -Fungi -Animalia
52
Pinocytosis
a process by which the cell takes in fluids along with dissolved small molecules.
53
Phagocytosis
the cell engulfs a food particle instead of a drop of liquid.
54
Autotroph
an organism that can produce its own food using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, without relying on external sources.
55
Heterotroph
an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.
56
chemosynthesis
The process by which food is made by bacteria or other living things using chemicals as the energy source, typically in the absence of sunlight.
57
Flagellum/Cilia
-are cell organelles having similar structure but differ in their function and length. -Cilia are short in size and are present in large number in the cell. -flagella are longer in size and are few per cell.
58
Binomial nomenclature
-is the two name system used to identify an organism. -consists of the genus and species name.
59
Biofeedback
is a technique that trains people to improve their health by controlling certain bodily processes that normally happen involuntarily, such as heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, and skin temperature.
60
Levels of organization
Cells Tissues Organs Organ system Organism

Biology 30 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions