ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIORS

Question 1

“An individual behavior which is not
rewarded by a formal reward system… but that,
when combined with the same behavior in a group,
results in effectiveness.”

Answer 1

Dennis Organ (1988)

Question 2

is a term that’s used to describe all the positive and
constructive employee actions and behaviors
that aren’t part of their formal job description.

Answer 2

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

Question 3

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP
BEHAVIOR

Answer 3

Altruism
Courtesy
Sportsmanship
Conscientiousness
Civic virtue

Question 4

in the workplace occurs when an employee helps or assists another employee without expecting anything in return.

Answer 4

Altruism

Question 5

is polite and considerate behavior
towards other people, in this case, other
employees.

Answer 5

Courtesy

Question 6

is about an employee’s ability to
be a good loser. It’s about being able to deal with
situations that don’t go as planned– or negative
surprises– and to not demonstrate negative
behavior when that happens.

Answer 6

Sportsmanship

Question 7

is characterized by self-control and discipline that exceed minimum expectations. In the workplace, this means employees not only arrive on time and meet deadlines but also plan ahead to ensure their
colleagues aren’t overwhelmed with additional work during their absence

Answer 7

Conscientiousness

Question 8

refers to how well employees
represent their organization outside of formal
settings, such as discussing the company
positively with friends and family. It can also be
shown through participation in events like
fundraisers or team charity runs. As a form of
organizational citizenship behavior, civic virtue
fosters community and companionship, leading to
higher job satisfaction and improved performance.

Answer 8

Civic virtue

Question 9

BENEFITS OF OCB

Answer 9

Boosts Employee Morale
Increases Work Meaningfulness
Enhances Employee Performance and Productivity
Improves Social Interactions
Reduces Stress
Creates a Sense of Community

Question 10

OCB promotes a
positive workplace, inspiring employees to go
above and beyond, fostering a cycle of positivity
that boosts overall job satisfaction.

Answer 10

Boosts Employee Morale

Question 11

Engaging in
OCB fosters connection to organizational goals,
providing purpose and boosting engagement and
enthusiasm.

Answer 11

Increases Work Meaningfulness

Question 12

Research shows that OCB
enhances performance, as motivated employees
boost productivity, improve work quality, streamline
processes,
and foster teamwork, driving
organizational success.

Answer 12

Enhances Employee Performance and
Productivity–

Question 13

OCB fosters
trust, teamwork, and effective communication,
reducing conflicts and enhancing collaboration
among employees.

Answer 13

Improves Social Interactions

Question 14

A workplace with OCB fosters
support, reducing stress, burnout, and job-related
anxiety while enhancing overall well-being.

Answer 14

Reduces Stress

Question 15

OCB fosters a strong organizational culture, enhancing employees’ sense of belonging and boosting retention by creating a supportive and connected environment.

Answer 15

Creates a Sense of Community

Question 16

arises when Organizational
Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) exhaust employees,
causing stress and reducing future OCB participation.
Though job performance may stay high, the extra effort
leads to emotional and cognitive burnout.

Answer 16

Citizenship Fatigue

Question 17

THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

Answer 17

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation

Question 18

individuals have a hierarchy of
needs ranging from physiological needs to
self-actualization.

Answer 18

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Question 19

Herzberg distinguished between hygiene factors,
which include extrinsic factors like salary and working
conditions, and motivators, which comprise factors
such as recognition and achievement.

Answer 19

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

Question 20

stems from internal factors within
an individual. It is characterized by a sense of personal
satisfaction, enjoyment, or fulfillment derived from
engaging with or performing an activity or task.

Answer 20

Intrinsic motivation

Question 21

comes from external stimuli,
typically in the form of rewards or punishments.
Examples of extrinsic motivators include performance
bonuses, incentives, recognition, promotions, or
advancement opportunities

Answer 21

Extrinsic motivation

Question 22

This leadership style involves inspiring and motivating
employees by creating a compelling vision of the future
and empowering them to contribute meaningfully to
organizational goals.

Answer 22

The Role of Transformational Leadership

Question 23

OCB: Best Practices

Answer 23

1. Set an Example
2. Reduces Stress
3. Connect the Qualities of OCBs with Company Goals
4. Don’t Over-Regulate

Question 24

Leaders need to exemplify the types of behaviors they
want employees to take on. Cultures are established at
the top, and if workers see leaders being considerate,
jumping in to help when they can, participating in
events outside of work, helping to plan charity events
sponsored by the organization, then workers will have
a frame of reference for engaging in OCB

Answer 24

1. Set an Example

Question 25

OCBs have been cited for their significant impact on
interpersonal
relationships
and
strengthening
co-worker bonds. If a culture of collaboration and
cooperation is established early on, workers will see
themselves playing a vital role in supporting who they
work with. If goals and objectives are explained in a
way that encourages workers to look out for the team

Answer 25

2. Reduces Stress

Question 26

Each principle of Organizational Citizenship Behavior:
altruism, courtesy, conscientiousness, sportsmanship,
and civic action should be connected with company
goals and values. They do not have to be named the
same or referenced directly, but the qualities these
characteristics reference should be included in any
verbiage that relates to company goals or objectives.
This will help encourage a culture represented by
OCBs

Answer 26

3. Connect the Qualities of OCBs with
   Company Goals

Question 27

what makes them so valuable to leadership is that the
number of OCBs that workers engage in can tell
leaders how productive or engaged employees are. It
also takes away the voluntary nature of OCBs which
reveals an element of choice.When presented with the
opportunity, workers need to have the freedom to
decide to be altruistic, show courtesy, be
conscientious, have sportsmanship, or engage in civic
action.

Answer 27

4. Don’t Over-Regulate