Organizational Change & Development Flashcards
Unfreezing, changing, and refreezing are stages of which of the following?
A. Ludema, Cooperrider, and Barrett’s appreciative inquiry
B. Lewin’s model of planned change
C. Schein’s process consultation
D. Herzberg’s job enrichment
Answer B is correct. Lewin (1951) described planned change as involving three stages: unfreezing the present level of functioning, changing to a new level, and refreezing at the new level.
Research by Baltes and colleagues (1999) investigating the outcomes associated with flextime found that it has:
A. the strongest beneficial effect on absenteeism and the weakest beneficial effect on self-rated job performance.
B. the strongest beneficial effect on self-rated job performance and the weakest beneficial effect on job productivity
C. the strongest beneficial effect on job satisfaction and the weakest beneficial effect on job productivity.
D. the strongest beneficial effect on absenteeism and the weakest beneficial effect on job satisfaction.
Answer A is correct. Baltes et al. (1999) conducted a meta-analysis of the research on the effects of flextime on objective measures of job productivity, self-rated job performance, absenteeism, job satisfaction, and satisfaction with the work schedule. The results indicated that flextime had beneficial effects on all five outcome measures, with the strongest effect being on absenteeism (i.e., a reduction in absenteeism) and the weakest effect being on self-rated job performance.
Members of self-managed work teams (SMWTs):
A. use statistical analysis, project management, and problem-solving methods to reduce the defect rate of products.
B. provide management with recommendations for resolving the work-related problems they’ve identified.
C. have total control over their own work, including task assignments and methods, work schedules, employee selection and training, and performance appraisal.
D. identify the unique and best aspects of the organization and then generate ideas about how to build on them.
Answer C is correct. SMWTs are groups of employees who have total responsibility for and control over their own work, including task assignments, methods for completing tasks, work schedules, employee selection and training, and performance appraisal.
