Organization of the Skeletal System. Flashcards
What is the axial skeleton composed of?
80 bones: Cranial, Facial, bones of the middle ear, hyoid, vertebral column, and bones of the thorax.
What is the appendicular skeleton composed of?
126 bones, pectoral girdle that is attached to upper limbs and pelvic girdle and its attached to lower limbs.
what is the pectoral girdle composed of?
scapulae and clavicles; upper limbs: humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpals, phalanges.
What is the pelvic girdle composed of?
2 coxal bones: each fused from childhood ilium, ischium and pubis.
Sacrum and coccyx
lower limbs: femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsals, phalanges.
Define a joint.
a point of contract between 2 bones or between bone and cartilage or between bone and teeth.
Define Synathrosis.
immovable joint, suture between cranial bones.
Define Amphiarthrosis.
Slightly movable joint, pubic symphysis.
Define Diarthrosis.
freely movable joint; hip.
What is the structure of synovial joint?
the end of the articulating bones are covered with articular cartilage and held together by an articular capsule.
The outer fibrous capuse is dense irregular connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid into joint.
define the gliding (planar) joint and its movement.
occurs between small bones that have flat articular surfaces to allow movement side-to-side or back-and-forth.
Define Hinge joint and the movement.
convex surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of a second bone to allow movement into only one place.
Define Pivot joint and the movement.
rounded/pointed portion of one bone fits into a ring-like ligament associated with a second bone to allow rotation in a single plane. rotation in a single plane.
define Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint and the movement.
a oval condyle of one bone fits into a elliptical cavity of a second bone to allow movement side-to-side or back-and-forth in two plane.
Define saddle joint and the movement.
bones whose articulating surfaces have both concaved and convex surfaces to allow movement side-to-side and up-and-down.
Define ball and socket joints and the movement.
ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a cup-like despression of a second bone to allow movement possible in any direction in multiple planes. in all possible directions.
