Organization Of The Pelvic Limb And Coxofemoral Joint Flashcards
What are some functions of the hindlimb for activities of daily life?
Quadrupedal posture and support
Locomotion
Elimination and reproduction
Somatosensory organ - pain, position, tension, etc
What consists of the proximal hindlimb
Gluteal and thigh regions
What consists of the leg/distal hindlimb
Crus
What consists of the ankle bones
Tarsus
What consists of the hindpaw
Pes
What are the pelvic limbs adapted for?
Propulsion
Accelerate the center of gravity forward and upward
Describe the organization of the pelvic limb
-longer and angular than thoracic limb
-heavily muscled
-connected directly to the vertebral column (SI joints)
What joint makes up the hip?
Coxo-femoral joint
What joint makes up the stifle?
Femoro-tibial
What joint makes up the hock
Talo-crural
Where are the metatarsal-phalangeal joints located
Between the hock and the interphalangeal joints
Describe the organization of development of the pelvic limb
-in mammals, the hindlimb rotates ventrally during development
-developmentally dorsal compartments are cranial in vivo
-developmentally ventral compartments are caudal in vivo
How does the coxofemoral joint move?
A synovial joint incorporating the femoral head within the acetabulum
Distal portion of the limb does the most excursion
Describe the stability of the coxofemoral joint
Femur is connected to the acetabulum via:
-ligament of femoral head
-which is a continuation of the transverse acetabular ligament
What are the primary aBductors of the hip
Superficial gluteal muscles = gluteus medius, gluteus profundus, tensor fasciae latae, gluteus superficialis
What do the superficial gluteal muscles do?
-primarily EXTEND and ABDUCT hip
-innervated by cranial gluteal n
-all originate from illium
-insertion: greater trochanter
What does the tensor fasciae latae insert on and what does it do
Inserts on fascia lata and thus the tibia
Flexor of hip, extensor of stifle
What is the main nerve of the gluteus superficialis and where does it insert
CAUDAL gluteal nerve
3rd trochanter
How does walking work in the stride cycle
Pelvis is suspended on one hindlimb during portions of the stride cycle
Hip abductors contract in the supporting limb to counteract adduction during support
What are the primary rotators of the hip
Deep gluteal muscles:
-gemeli
-obturator internus
-quadratus femoris
-obturator externus: obturator nerve, lateral rotator of thigh
What do the primary rotators of the hip do
-primarily LATERAL rotators of the hip
-innervated by direct branches off lumbo-sacral trunk
-origin: ischium
What is the articularis coxae
Protects hip joint capsule from being nipped between the femoral and acetabular surfaces during movement
What are the primary extensors of the hip
Caudal thigh muscles
-biceps femoris
-semimembranosus
-semitendinosus - hip extensor
What do the caudal thigh muscles do
-primarily extend hip (also stifle, hock)
-innervated by sciatic nerve
-take origin at least in part from ischial tuberosity
What does the biceps femoris do
-caudal part of muscle flexes stifle
-cranial head innervated by caudal gluteal nerve
What does the semimembranosus do
Tibial attachment may flex or extend stifle - depends on position of limb
What is an example of a taxon-specific muscle of the hip and what does it do?
Caudofemoralis (=gluteofemoralis) - FELINES ONLY
Runs from femur to tail
Helps stabilize femur and move tail
What is a carnivore only example of a taxon-specific muscle of the hip
Caudal crural abductor (=tenuissimus in cats)
What are the primarily aDductors of the hip
Medial thigh muscles
-sartorius
-pectineus
-adductor - also extends hip
-gracilis - also flex stifle, extend hip and hock
Describe the medial thigh muscles
-primarily adduct hip
-take origin from pelvis
-primarily innervated by obturator nerve
what does the sartorius do
Origin from ilium
Flex hip
Cranial part - extends stifle
Caudal part - flexes stifle
Femoral nerve
What are the primary flexors of the hip
Sublumbar muscles: iliopsoas —> combined insertion tendon of the iliacus (pelvic head) and psoas major (vertebral head)
-innervated by direct branches from lumbosacral plexus and femoral nerve
Extensor muscles of stifle —> quadriceps femoris
Describe the process of the femoral artery as the blood supply of the pelvic limb
-is the continuation of the external iliac artery as it leaves the abdomen
-first part has a superficial position in the femoral triangle:
-between sartorius and pectineus
-raises a visible ridge - pulse taking
What are the main arteries of the hindlimb?
External iliac
Femoral
Deep femoral
Saphenous
Cranial and caudal branch of the saphenous artery
Popliteal
Cranial tibial
Dorsal pedal
What are the arteries of the hip
Femoral
Deep femoral
Medial circumflex femoral
Lateral circumflex femoral
Internal iliac
Caudal gluteal
Cranial gluteal
