Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology for SLP > Organization of the Nervous System II > Flashcards

Organization of the Nervous System II Flashcards

1
Q

It includes the cranial nerves, peripheral spinal nerves, and peripheral parts of the autonomic nervous system.

A

peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

These are groups of nerve cell bodies located outside of the CNS forming an enlargement on a nerve or on 2 or more nerves at their junction.

A

peripheral ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

These are classified as mixed nerves (carrying both motor and sensory fibers).

A

spinal peripheral nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anterior root of spinal nerve: ________ CNS: ______ or motor fibers

A

away from; efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A group of cells or motor nuclei in the spinal cord, which is the point of synapse or connection with the spinal nerves.

A

anterior (ventral) horn cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

These are from the posterior root of the spinal nerves that carry information about the sensations of touch, pain, temperature, and vibration into the CNS via the spinal cord.

A

afferent or sensory fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A cell bodies of sensory fibers that appear as swelling on the posterior root of the spinal nerve.

A

posterior root ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The part of the spinal cord where motor and sensory fibers leave and enter; an area where they mix together.

A

intervertebral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A _____ or damaged area impairs motor and/or sensory activities at and below that cord level depending on the specific site affected.

A

lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

These are paired structures formed on the embryo, which differentiate into nonneural tissue.

A

somites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

These supply motor signals to the diaphragm, originating from C4 with contributions from C3 and C5.

A

phrenic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This system involves the innervation of involuntary structures like heart, smooth muscles, and glands.

A

autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This system is formed by the neuronal plexus in the gastrointestinal tract, which suggest direct function with deglutition and digestion of food.

A

enteric nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The two major divisions of the autonomic nervous system, which have antagonistic functions.

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for preparatory measures such as accelerating heart rate, raising blood pressures, raising eyelids and dilating pupils, decreasing peristalsis and closing the sphincters.

A

sympathetic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The part of the autonomic nervous system that slows the heart rate, increase intestinal peristalsis, opens sphincters, increases salivation and secretion of glands of the gastrointestinal tract.

A

parasympathetic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The 2 neurons in the peripheral visceral motor pathway.

A

preganglionic and postganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

It refers to the stability of the body’s internal environment.

A

homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A prominent nucleus of the medulla that receives input from all visceral organs, and nuclei in the brainstem and spinal cord.

A

nucleus solitarius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The axons of _____ neuron project as a thinly myelinated fiber to an autonomic ganglion.

A

preganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

It sens unmyelinated axon visceral effector cells such as smooth muscles.

A

postganglionic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The layers of tissue that cover that brain and spinal cord as protection.

A

meninges

23
Q

A cushioning layer of fluid within the layers of the covering of the brain and spinal cord.

A

cerebrospinal fluid

24
Q

The outermost layer of the meninges, which means “ taught mother”, and it consists of a closely united 2 layers.

A

dura mater

25
Q

These are complex folds that divide the contents of the cranial cavity into different cerebral subdivisions.

A

septa

26
Q

When septa of the dura join with those formed in the opposite hemisphere, 3 different double-layered partitions formed. What are these ?

A

falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli

27
Q

A folding of the dura that forms the roof of the structure that encloses the the pituitary gland (sella turcica).

A

diaphragma sella

28
Q

The meningeal layer found immediately below the dura, which bridges over the sulci or folds of the brain.

A

arachnoid mater

29
Q

When arachnoid mater projects into venous sinuses, it forms ______, which then form _______.

A

arachnoid villi; arachnoid granulations

30
Q

The meningeal layer filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

A

subarachnoid space

31
Q

The meningeal layer that closely adheres to the surface of the brain, covering the gyro and going down into the sulci.

A

pia mater

32
Q

The is concerned with the production of the cerebrospinal fluid.

A

choroid plexus

33
Q

The three parts of the ventricular system of the brain.

A

lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle

34
Q

It serves as the pathway for the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid.

A

ventricular system

35
Q

A colorless fluid that serves as a cushion between the CNS and the surrounding bones to protect the brain against direct trauma.

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

36
Q

This is characterized by an increase in CSF volume enlargement of 1 or more of the ventricles, usually leading to increase in CSF pressure.

A

hydrocephalus

37
Q

These arteries ascend in the neck and pass through the base of the skull at the carotid canal of the temporal bone.

A

internal carotid arteries

38
Q

The artery that passes through the foramina and enters the skills through foramen magnum.

A

vertebral artery

39
Q

It is formed by the anastomosis of the 2 internal carotid arteries with the 2 vertebral arteries.

A

circle of Willis

40
Q

Enumerate the parts of the circle of Willis

A

anterior communicating
anterior cerebral
internal carotid
posterior communicating
posterior cerebral
basilar arteries

41
Q

It serves as a safety valve function for the brain, allowing collateral circulation to take place if the flow is reduced to one area.

A

circle of Willis

42
Q

In terms of neurologic organization, human beings have a major movement patterns, which are primarily reflected on the arms and legs.

A

contralateral motor control

43
Q

If a lesion occurs below the crossing of the major descending motor pathways, the affected motor control will manifest in what principle of neurologic organization?

A

ipsilateral motor control

44
Q

This neural control is observed in muscles used for speaking such as lips, tongue, soft palate, jaw, abdominal muscles, and diaphragm.

A

bilateral neural control

45
Q

Language mechanisms are observed to have this neural control.

A

unilateral control

46
Q

Possible result of lesions in the inferior frontal lobe of the brain.

A

Broca’s aphasia

47
Q

Possible result of damage in the angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus.

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

48
Q

It refers to the inability to communicate with one’s limbic system that distinguishes appropriate from inappropriate behaviors.

A

internal agnosia

49
Q

It refers to the disorders of recognition.

A

agnosia

50
Q

A condition where patient does not recognize the left side of his or her own body.

A

asomatognosia

51
Q

The cerebral aqueduct connected to the fourth ventricle.

A

aqueduct of Sylvius

52
Q

A _____ is a damaged area in the brain.

A

lesion

53
Q

Enumerate the 12 cranial nerves.

A

I: olfactory
II: optic
III: oculomor
IV: trigeminal
V: trochlear
VI: abducens
VII: facial
VIII: glossopharyngeal
IX: vestibulocochlear
X: vagus
XI: spinal accessory
XII: hypoglossal

54
Q

The main suppliers of blood to the brain.

A

2 large internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries

Anatomy & Physiology for SLP (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions