Organization of the Human Body

Question 1

Placement of a structure along the axis of the body ABOVE

Answer 1

Superior

Question 2

Placement of a structure along the axis of the body BELOW

Answer 2

Inferior

Question 3

TOWARDS the midline

Answer 3

Medial

Question 4

AWAY from the midline

Answer 4

Lateral

Question 5

Most FORWARD of the body

Answer 5

Anterior

Question 6

Towards the BACKSIDE of the body

Answer 6

Posterior

Question 7

Study of the STRUCTURE of body parts and their relationship to one another

Answer 7

Anatomy

Question 8

Study of the FUNCTION of the body parts; how they WORK to carry out life sustaining activities

Answer 8

Physiology

Question 9

Subdivisions of anatomy

Answer 9

Gross Anatomy, Microscopic Anatomy, Developmental Anatomy

Question 10

Study of LARGE, VISIBLE structures

Answer 10

Gross Anatomy or Macroscopic Anatomy

Question 11

Deals with structure TOO SMALL to be seen by the naked eye

Answer 11

Microscopic Anatomy

Question 12

Microscopic study of CELLS

Answer 12

Cytology

Question 13

Microscopic study of TISSUES

Answer 13

Histology

Question 14

Studies ANATOMICAL and PHYSIOLOGICAL development

Answer 14

Developmental Anatomy

Question 15

Study of developments BEFORE BIRTH

Answer 15

Embryology

Question 16

Human body organization: atoms, molecules, organelles

Answer 16

Chemical Level

Question 17

Chemical Level

Answer 17

Atoms, molecules, organelles

Question 18

Human body organization: single cell

Answer 18

Cellular Level

Question 19

Human body organization: groups of similar cells

Answer 19

Tissue Level

Question 20

Human body organization: contains two or more types of tissues

Answer 20

Organ Level

Question 21

Human body organization: organs that work closely together

Answer 21

Organ System Level

Question 22

Human body organization: all organ systems combined to make the whole organism

Answer 22

Organismal Level

Question 23

Separation between external and internal environments must exist

Answer 23

Maintaining Boundaries

Question 24

Forms the EXTERNAL BODY COVERINGS and protects deeper tissues from injury

Answer 24

Integumentary System

Question 25

Protects and supports body organs, and provides framework for muscles

Answer 25

Skeletal System

Question 26

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion and facial expression. Maintains posture and produces heat

Answer 26

Muscular System

Question 27

Fast-acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands

Answer 27

Nervous System

Question 28

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.

Answer 28

Endocrine System

Question 29

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.

Answer 29

Cardiovascular System

Question 30

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity. The immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body.

Answer 30

Lymphatic System

Question 31

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. The gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.

Answer 31

Respiratory System

Question 32

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells and Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces.

Answer 32

Digestive System

Question 33

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood.

Answer 33

Urinary System

Question 34

Overall function is production of offspring.

Answer 34

Reproductive System

Question 35

Chemicals for energy and cell building

Answer 35

Nutrients

Question 36

Major source of energy

Answer 36

Carbohydrates

Question 37

Needed for cell building and cell chemistry

Answer 37

Protein

Question 38

long-term energy storage minerals and vitamins: involved in chemical reactions as well as for structural purposes

Answer 38

Fats

Question 39

Essential for release of energy from foods

Answer 39

Oxygen

Question 40

Most abundant chemical in body; provides the watery environment needed for chemical reactions

Answer 40

Water

Question 41

If body temp falls below or goes above 37°C, | rates of chemical reactions are affected

Answer 41

Normal Body Temperature

Question 42

Specific pressure of air is needed for adequate breathing and gas exchange in lungs

Answer 42

Appropriate atmospheric pressure

Question 43

the maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in environment

Answer 43

Homeostasis

Question 44

factors that can change (blood | sugar, body temperature, blood volume, etc.)

Answer 44

Variables

Question 45

Monitors the environment and responds to stimuli

Answer 45

Receptors

Question 46

Determines set point at which variable is maintained Receives input from receptor Determines appropriate response

Answer 46

Control center

Question 47

Provides the means to respond Response either reduces stimulus (negative feedback) or enhances stimulus (positive feedback)

Answer 47

Effector

Question 48

Variable changes in opposite | direction of initial change

Answer 48

Negative Feedback

Question 49

Response enhances or exaggerates the | original stimulus

Answer 49

Positive Feedback

Question 50

If negative feedback mechanisms become overwhelmed, destructive positive feedback mechanisms may take over

Answer 50

Disturbance of Homeostasis

Question 51

Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing | forward with thumbs pointing away from body

Answer 51

Anatomical Position

Question 52

Two major divisions of body : Head, neck, trunk

Answer 52

Axial

Question 53

Two major divisions of body : Limbs

Answer 53

Appendicular

Question 54

Divides body vertically into right and left parts

Answer 54

Sagittal Plane

Question 55

``` Divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts (front and back) ```

Answer 55

Frontal Plane

Question 56

Divides body horizontally (90° to vertical plane) into superior and inferior parts (top and bottom)

Answer 56

Transverse Plane

Question 57

Result of cuts at angle other than 90° to | vertical plane

Answer 57

Oblique Section

Question 58

Protects fragile nervous system Two subdivisions

Answer 58

Dorsal Body Cavity

Question 59

Encases brain

Answer 59

Cranial Cavity

Question 60

Encases spinal cord

Answer 60

Vertebral Cavity

Question 61

Houses the internal organs

Answer 61

Ventral Cavity

Question 62

Houses the the pleural cavities, mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity

Answer 62

Thoracic Cavity

Question 63

Cavity that surrounds the lung

Answer 63

Pleural Cavity

Question 64

surrounds the pericardial cavity and the rest of the thoracic organs

Answer 64

Mediastinum

Question 65

Encloses the heart

Answer 65

Pericardial Cavity

Question 66

Thin, double-layered membranes that cover surfaces in ventral body cavity

Answer 66

Serosa

Question 67

Pericardium

Answer 67

Heart

Question 68

Pleurae

Answer 68

Lungs