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Organization Of The Human Body > Organization Of The Human Body > Flashcards

Organization Of The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Homestasis definition:

A

regulating internal environment

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2
Q

Atonomy definition:

A

the science of structure and its relationship with other structure

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3
Q

Physiology definition:

A

the science of body functions

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4
Q

How many levels of organism in the human body?

A

6 (chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal)

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5
Q

Cellular level definition:

A

the basic structure and functional units of organism

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6
Q

What is the smallest living unit in the human body?

A

Cells

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7
Q

Chemical level definition:

A

Smallest unit of matter that particiate in chemical reaction

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8
Q

Chemical level example

A

Atoms, molecules. DNA, hemoglobin, glucose

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9
Q

Cellular level example

A

Muscle, nerve, blood cells

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10
Q

Tissue level definition

A

Group of cells and materials that work together to perform a particular task

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11
Q

What are tissue made up of?

A

Cells

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12
Q

Tissue level example

A

Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous tissue

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13
Q

Organ level definition:

A

Different kinds of tissues joined together to form body structure

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14
Q

What is a unique trait about organs?

A

They have a recognizable shape and are composed of 2 different types of tissues to perform a particular task

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15
Q

Organ example

A

Stomach, liver, heart, lungs, and brain

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16
Q

System level definition:

A

Relating organs that have a common function

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17
Q

What is the integumentary system made up of?

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat/oil glandsand subcutaneous layer (under the skin)

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18
Q

Integumentary system function?

A

Regulate temp, protect body, eliminate waste and feel sensations

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19
Q

How many systems are there?

A

11 (integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous,endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive system)

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20
Q

What is the skeletal system made up of?

A

Bones, joint and cartilage

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21
Q

Skeletal system function

A

Support and protect body, support muscle attachment and movement

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22
Q

What is the muscular system made up of?

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

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23
Q

Muscular system function

A

Help body move

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24
Q

What is the nervous system made up of?

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, ears and eyes

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25
Q

Nervous system function

A

Regulate body by detecting changes and respond to them through contractions and relaxation

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26
Q

What is the endocrine system made up of?

A

All the tissues and glands that produce hormones (hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland,adrenal gland, pancreas, testis and ovary)

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27
Q

Endocrine system function

A

Regulate body activity through hormones transported by blood to organs

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28
Q

What is the cardiovascular system made up of?

A

Blood, heart, and blood vessel

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29
Q

Cardiovascular system function

A

Pump blood, regulate oxygen, acidity, temp, water, defeat diseases and clot blood vessels

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30
Q

What is the lymphatic system and immunity made up of?

A

tissues and organs that help protect the body from infection and disease.(Tonsils, adenoids, thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph vessels, and lymph nodes.

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31
Q

Lymphatic system and immunity function

A

keep the bodys fluid levels in balance and defend the body against infections.

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32
Q

What is the respiratory system made up of?

A

Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchial tubes

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33
Q

Respiratory system function

A

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide and flow air through lungs and vocal cord

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34
Q

What is the digestive system made up of?

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine, rectum, salivary gland, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and anus

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35
Q

Digestive system function

A

Break down food physically and chemically, absorb nutrients and eliminate waste

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36
Q

What is the urinary system made up of?

A

Kidneys, uterus, urinary bladder and urethra

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37
Q

Urinary system function

A

Produce, store and eliminate waste

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38
Q

What is the reproductive system made up of?

A

Testes, ovaries,fallopian tube, uterus, vagina, epididymis, and penis

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39
Q

Reproductive system function

A

produce, transport, and sustain reproductive cells and hormones, enabling reproduction and, in females, supporting fetal development.

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40
Q

System level definition:

A

Relating organs that have a common function

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41
Q

Organismal level

A

One human being (you!)

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42
Q

What is the largest level of organization?

A

Organismal level

43
Q

What are the important life processes of humans?

A

Metabolism, responsive, movement, growth, differentiation, and reproduction

44
Q

Metabolism definitions:

A

Chemical processes that occur in the body

45
Q

Responsiveness definition:

A

The body’s ability to detect and respond to changes in its environment

46
Q

Movement definition:

A

Motion of the whole body

47
Q

Growth definition:

A

1) increase in body size, 2) increase number of cells and surroundings cells

48
Q

Differentiation definition:

A

Unspecialized cells become specialized cells

49
Q

Reproduction definition:

A

1) the formation of new cells for growth, repair or replacement, 2) a new baby

50
Q

What are the 2 controll systems?

A

Nervous and endocrine systems

51
Q

Nervous system:

A

Detects changes and sends messages (nerve impulses) to fix the change

52
Q

Endocrine system:

A

Corrects changes with hormones to restore homeostasis

53
Q

How is homeostasis maintained?

A

Through a feedback system

54
Q

Feedback system:

A

The body is constantly monitored , evaluated, and changed

55
Q

What is a distruptor of homeostasis called

A

A stimulus

56
Q

What are the 3 basic components of a feedback system

A

Receptor, control center and effector

57
Q

Receptor

A

(Nerve endings) monitors change and sends information (input)

58
Q

Control center

A

(Brain) receives the messages and makes plans (output)

59
Q

Effector

A

(Every organ/tissue) receives output and produces a response

60
Q

Negative feedback system definition:

A

Tries to reverse the change in a controlled condition over a stable and long period

61
Q

Positive feedback system definition:

A

Tries to strengthen/reinforce change in the body’s controlled condition until interrupted

62
Q

Disorder definition:

A

Any abnormalities of structure/function

63
Q

Disease definition:

A

Recognizable set of signs and symptoms

64
Q

Symptoms definition:

A

Subjective changes in the body that are not apparent to an observer

65
Q

Signs definition:

A

Objective changes that are observable and measurable

66
Q

Again definition:

A

The body’s inability to maintain homeostasis

67
Q

Prone definition:

A

Stomach on ground

68
Q

Supine definition:

A

Spine on ground

69
Q

What consists of the head

A

Skull and facial features

70
Q

How many regions is the body divided into?

A

5 (head, neck, trunk, upper limb, lower limb)

71
Q

What does the head consist of?

A

Chest abdomen and pelvis

72
Q

What is the trunk consist of?

A

Chest, abdomen, and pelvis

73
Q

What does the upper limb consist of?

A

Shoulder, armpit, arm, forearm, wrist and hand

74
Q

What does the lower limb consist of?

A

Buttock, thigh, leg, ankle and foot

75
Q

Superior definition:

A

Towards the head/upper structure

76
Q

Inferior definition:

A

Away from the head/lower structure

77
Q

Anterior definition:

A

Near the front of body

78
Q

Posterior definition:

A

Near the back of body

79
Q

Medial definition:

A

Near the midline

80
Q

Lateral definition:

A

Away from midline

81
Q

Intermediate definition:

A

Between 2 structures

82
Q

Ipsilateral definition:

A

Same side

83
Q

Contralateral definition

A

Opposite side of the body

84
Q

Proximal definition:

A

Near the trunk of body

85
Q

Distal definition:

A

Away from trunk of body

86
Q

Superficial definition:

A

Surface of the body

87
Q

Internal definition:

A

Inside of the body

88
Q

How many major planes are there?

A

4 (Sagittal, frontal, transverse, and oblique)

89
Q

What does the Sagittal plane do?

A

It divides the body to left and right side

90
Q

What does (Mid)Sagittal plane do?

A

Divides the body into equal left and right sides

91
Q

What does (para)Sagittal plane do?

A

Divides the body into unequal left and right sides

92
Q

What does the frontal plane do?

A

Divides the body into front and back

93
Q

What does the transverse palne do?

A

Divide the body into upper and lower portions

94
Q

What does the oblique plane do?

A

Passes the body at an angle

95
Q

Body cavity purpose:

A

Spaces in the body that contain, protect, separate, and support internal organs

96
Q

What does the cranial cavity have?

A

Skull and brains

97
Q

What does the vertebral canal have?

A

Back bone and spinal cord

98
Q

What is the thoracic cavity?

A

Chest cavity

99
Q

How is the thoracic cavity divided?

A

Into 3 parts. 1 pericardial cavity (heart) and 2 pleural cavity (lungs)

100
Q

What is the mediastinum and what does it contain?

A

It’s between the lungs and contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and blood vessels

101
Q

What does the abdominal cavity contain?

A

Stomach, spleen,liver, gallbladder, small/large intestine

102
Q

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

A

Urinary bladder, large intestine and reproductive organs

103
Q

Name the 4 quadrants

A

(RUQ) right upper quadrant (LUQ) left upper quadrant (RLQ) right lower quadrant (LLQ) left lower quadrant

Organization Of The Human Body (1 decks)

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