Organization Of The Endocrine System

Question 1

Types of hormone producing structures

Answer 1

Organs within the HPTC axes, endocrine cell groups, dispersed endocrine cells

Question 2

HPTC

Answer 2

Hypothalamus → pituitary → peripheral endocrine gland or non-endocrine tissue

Question 3

Embryonic layers that form the pituitary

Answer 3

Neuroectoderm and oropharynx ectoderm (the Rathke’s pouch)

Question 4

Bone that houses the pituitary

Answer 4

Sphenoid

Question 5

Pars intermedia

Answer 5

Intermediate lobe of the pituitary that disappears in humans by puberty

Question 6

How hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

Answer 6

They travel through the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal veins

Question 7

Hypothalamic hormones

Answer 7

CRH, TRH, GnRH, SRIH, GHRH, DOPA, SAL, MIF, MRF

Question 8

3 families of anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 8

Proopiomelanocorticotropin family, somatomammotropic family, glycoprotein family

Question 9

POMC family

Answer 9

Peptides including ACTH, MSH, End, Enk

Question 10

Somatomammotropic family hormones

Answer 10

Proteins including GH, Prl, SL

Question 11

Glycoprotein family hormones

Answer 11

TSH, FSH, LH

Question 12

Herring bodies in pars nervosa

Answer 12

Storage sites for posterior pituitary hormones

Question 13

POMC parent molecule

Answer 13

Forms many different hormones depending on the cell that it’s in and how long it stays

Question 14

Convertases

Answer 14

Enzymes that cleave POMC

Question 15

MC1-R

Answer 15

Primary receptor for alphaMSH, in melanocytes and immune cells

Question 16

MC2-R

Answer 16

Primary ACTH receptor, in adrenal cortex and adipocytes

Question 17

MC3-R

Answer 17

Primary receptor for gammaMSH, found in CNS and heart

Question 18

MC4-R

Answer 18

For all MSH isoforms and ACTH, found in CNS

Question 19

MC5-R

Answer 19

For mostly alphaMSH, found in adipocytes, adrenals, leukocytes, gonads, CNS, and pituitary

Question 20

Octapeptide hormones

Answer 20

Oxytocin and ADH