Organization of Cells

Question 1

What features do all cells have in common?

Answer 1

Nucleic acid
DNA to RNA to protein
Proteins and RNA catalyse chemical reactions and synthesise proteins on the ribosome
Energy derived by breaking down simple sugars and lipids
ATP
Phospholipid membranes with pumps, carriers and channels

Question 2

What features do bacteria and archea have in common?

Answer 2

Chromosomes in the cytoplasm
Cell membranes with similar pumps, carriers and channels
Basic metabolic pathways
Gene expression
Motility powered by rotary flagella
Lack of membrane-bound organelles

Question 3

How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes?

Answer 3

Compartmentalized cytoplasm with membrane-bounded organelles and a nucleus

Question 4

Advantage of membrane bound organelles

Answer 4

Form a barrier allowing organelles to maintain novel ionic and enzymatic interior environments

Question 5

What are the features of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Plasma membrane
Nuclear envelope
Endoplasmic reticulum (Rough and smooth)
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria
Cilia

Question 6

Purpose of the plasma membrane

Answer 6

Interface between the cell and its environment
Hydrophobic interior of lipid bilayer makes the membrane impermeable to water and ions (which cross using channels, carriers and pumps)
Adhesion proteins allow cells to bind to each other and the extracellular matrix

Question 7

Purpose of receptors

Answer 7

Receptors convert extracellular signaling molecules into electrical signals

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