organismal exam 2

Question 1

co-evolution

Answer 1

evolving together, reciprocal genetic change

Question 2

specific co-evolution

Answer 2

hawk moth evolving it’s tongue to reach the pollen in a flower

Question 3

diffuse co-evolution

Answer 3

butterflies, moths, and hummingbirds all get pollen from the same flower type

Question 4

co-cladogenesis (co-speciation)

Answer 4

creatures that speciate completely together (ex. figs and fig wasps)

Question 5

co-evolutionary mosaic

Answer 5

populations of organisms are not the only ones of that organism to exist, and gene flow connects all different species

Question 6

primordial soup concept

Answer 6

archaean eon was composed of water, CO2, sulfate, carbon monoxide, and methane, which existed with no free oxygen and were the perfect building blocks for life

Question 7

hadean eon

Answer 7

earth was getting hit with meteorites, no liquid water = no life

Question 8

archaean eon

Answer 8

liquid water (oceans) allows for prokaryotes (no fossils) oxygen catastrophe occurs with the first evidence of life appearing when earth was around one billion years old

Question 9

early proterozoic

Answer 9

single-celled eukaryotes came around due to the endosymbiotic theory

Question 10

paleozoic era

Answer 10

marked the colonization of land by fungi, plants and animals, when the Cambrian Explosion occurred

Question 11

Cambrian explosion

Answer 11

most of the things in the Proterozoic ended, and things appeared with completely different body types (fish diversification, origin of insects, and origin/diversification of tetrapods

Question 12

mesozoic era

Answer 12

ushered in mass extinction, called age of the dinosaurs, origin of mammals, age of the cycads (leading to more oxygen), origin of flowering plants

Question 13

cenozoic era

Answer 13

mass extinction triggered by a meteorite impact, more diverse presence of insects, diversification of birds and mammals, wide spreading of flowering plants, glaciation cause weather variations

Question 14

adaptive radiation

Answer 14

when a few groups of organisms give rise to many new species

Question 15

adaptation

Answer 15

a process that occurs over evolutionary time (a heritable trait that increases fitness under a given set of conditions, “permanent” condition)

Question 16

acclimation

Answer 16

phenotypic plasticity; water fleas are clones, but some build an expensive “helmet” to protect themselves from the fish that are present in their environment