ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY Flashcards
The typical function of the petal in the flower is
a. to produce fruit
b. to attract pollinators
c. to protect the immature flower
d. reproductive (female structure)
B. to attract pollinators
To make the plant completely sterile, which parts will you cut off?
a. Stigma, Style
b. Pistil, Stamen
c. Stigma, Ovary
d. Pistil, Petal
B. Pistil, Stamen
// Sterile - unable to pollinate nor fertilize
The pistil and stamen are the female and male reproductive parts of a flower, respectively.
One difference between monocot and dicot stems is that monocot stems usually
a. have vascular bundles arranged in a ring
b. replace primary tissues with secondary tissues
c. retain the primary growth pattern their entire lives
d. have secondary growth
C. retain the primary growth pattern their entire lives
// Monocot stems do not undergo secondary growth due to the absence of vascular cambium.
Which of the following is mainly responsible for the elongation of cells in shoots of plants?
a. abscisic acid
b. carotenes
c. ethylene
d. auxin
D. auxin
// functions of other choices:
abscisic acid - Helps plants respond to stress to reduce water loss
carotenes - captures light energy
ethylene - gas that acts as a plant hormone
Aphids are insects that insert their needlelike parts into plants. Sometimes, fluid from the plant tissues passes entirely through the digestive tract of the aphid and emerges as a droplet at its posterior end. Which is the possible source of this liquid?
a. epidermal cells
b. phloem cells
c. tracheids
d. trichomes
B. phloem cells
//
Phloem is the vascular tissue in charge of transport and distribution of the organic nutrients.
The water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of a tree (long distances) as a result of:
a. active transport of ions into the xylem vessels
b. evaporation of water through leaf stomata
c. atmospheric pressure on roots
d. osmosis in the root
B. evaporation of water through leaf stomata
Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller components that can be more easily absorbed and assimilated by the body. Which of the following correctly shows the enzyme and the food it acts upon?
a. salivary amylase - protein
b. lipase - carbohydrate
c. trypsin - protein
d. bile salt - starch
C. trypsin - protein
// Trypsin breaks down proteins.
Which part of the alimentary canal does reabsorption of water take place?
a. large intestine
b. small intestine
c. rectum
d. stomach
A. large intestine
// Alimentary canal a.k.a the digestive tract
Small intestine - digestion of food, nutrient absorption
Large intestine - water absorption
Which of the following is not part of the nephron?
a. glomerulus
b. loop of Henle
c. ureter
d. Bowman’s capsule
C. ureter
// The nephron is the basic structural unit of the KIDNEY.
glomerulus - filtering unit
loop of Henle - reabsorbs water and sodium chloride from the filtrate
Bowman’s capsule - performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine
the ureter CONNECTS the kidney to urinary bladder
Which of the structures is predominantly located in the brain and spinal cord?
a. sensory receptor
b. interneuron
c. sensory neuron
d. motor neuron
B. interneuron
// interneurons CONNECT the spinal motor and sensory neurons
The way the endocrine system maintains homeostasis is often compared to a
a. monthly cycle that releases an egg from an ovary
b. cooling system that turns on and off to control a room’s temperature
c. violent thunderstorm that startles people and increases their heartbeat
d. period of human development that takes about 9 months to be completed
B. cooling system that turns on and off to control a room’s temperature
// Homeostasis is a process where a living organism maintains stability while adjusting to external conditions
When an egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube, the mother becomes in danger of death because
a. The fallopian tube is not flexible enough to contain the developing embryo
b. The fallopian tube may rupture as the embryo grows
c. The egg may not develop and poison the mother
d. All of the above
D. All of the above
// The fallopian tube connects the ovaries and uterus
Hormone release stops when the stimulus that triggered it- like thirst or high blood sugar is satisfied or corrected. This is called
a. positive feedback system
b. neutral feedback system
c. negative feedback system
d. lock and key feedback system
C. negative feedback system
//
Positive - amplifies response
Neutral - maintains status quo
Negative - counteracts change, maintains homeostasis
Lock and key - specific interaction for precise responses
Which of the following hormones acts directly on the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle?
a. estrogen
b. progesterone
c. testosterone
d. glucocorticoids
B. progesterone
// Progesterone prepares the uterine lining for potential pregnancy after ovulation
The dendrites of olfactory receptor neurons bind specific odor molecules present in the environment. These olfactory neurons are located in the nose and have axons that connect to the brain. Which of the following BEST describes the role of olfactory neurons?
a. They generate a response to the odor molecule
b. They integrate and interpret the sensory stimuli
c. They convey sensory stimuli into an action potential
d. They process and discriminate among odors detected in the environment.
C. They convert sensory stimuli into an action potential.
// Olfactory receptor neurons detect specific odor molecules and convert this chemical signal into an electrical signal (action potential) that is transmitted to the brain. The brain then processes and interprets these signals, leading to the perception of smell.
