ENERGY TRANSFORMATION Flashcards
Which process produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose?
a. Anaerobic respiration in a yeast cell
b. Aerobic respiration in a bacterial cell
c. Glycolysis in a human liver cell
d. The formation of lactic acid in a human muscle cell
B. Aerobic respiration in a bacterial cell
//
Anaerobic - 2 ATP
Aerobic - 32-34 ATP
Glycolysis - 4 ATP
Formation of Lactic Acid - 2 ATP
Which describes anaerobic cell respiration?
a. Glucose breaks down to pyruvate
b. CO2 fixation
c. No ATP formation
d. Occurs in the mitochondrion
A. Glucose breaks down to pyruvate
// Breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvate in the CYTOPLASM
What is formed from glucose during anaerobic cell respiration?
a. Lactate and ATP in cytoplasm
b. CO2 and Water in mitochondria
c. Lactate and CO2 in mitochondria
d. CO2 and Water in cytoplasm
A. Lactate and ATP in cytoplasm
What is the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
a. combines with carbon, forming CO2
b. catalyzes the reactions of glycolysis
c. acts as an acceptor for e^- and H^+, forming H2O
d. yields energy in the form of ATP as it passes down the ETC
C. acts as an acceptor for e^- and H^+, forming H2O
// specifically, the FINAL electron acceptor
Which of the following statements describes the results of the reaction
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
a. O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced
b. O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized
c. C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced
d. C6H12O6 is reduced and O2 is oxidized
C. C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced
// This is the equation for cellular respiration, where glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced to form CO2 and water.
How many ATP will theoretically be produced if maltose is broken down during cellular respiration?
a. 32
b. 38
c. 64
d. 76
D. 76
Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis is TRUE?
a. ATP is generated by ATP synthase
b. The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons and protons.
c. Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorbs light energy which excites electrons.
d. A, B, and C are true.
D. A, B, and C are true.
Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the lumen of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the MOST DIRECT effect on which of the following processes?
a. splitting of water
b. ATP synthesis
c. NADP+ reduction
d. flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I
B. ATP synthesis
// The ATP is synthesized on thylakoid membranes.
Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The BEST way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be
a. to test for CO2 fixation in the dark
b. to test for production of O2 in the light
c. to test for production of either sucrose/starch
d. to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts
B. To test for production of O2 in the light
// Oxygen is released during non-cyclic photophosphorylation in which both PS1 and PS 2 are involved.
Photosystem II is directly involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, specifically in the process of splitting water molecules to produce oxygen. If an organism lacks PSII, it will not be able to produce oxygen during photosynthesis
Which of the following statements BEST represents the relationships between the light reactions and Calvin Cycle?
a. The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin Cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions
b. The light reactions provide the Calvin Cycle with oxygen for electron flow, and the Calvin Cycle provides the light reactions with water to split.
c. The light reactions supply the Calvin Cycle with CO2 to produce sugars, and the Calvin Cycle supplies the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP.
d. The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin Cycle, and the cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions.
A. The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin Cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions
From which of the choices does the energy used in the Calvin Cycle for the production of sugar molecules originate?
a. ATP and NADPH
b. Krebs Cycle
c. CO2
d. ATP
A. ATP and NADPH
// ATP provides energy, NADPH provides reducing power converting CO2 into sugar molecules
