Organism and treatment Flashcards
Vibrio vulnificus
aggressive debridement
IV III gen ceph. or tetracycline/gentamicin
Mycobacterium marinum
clarithromycin + ethambutol +/- rifabutin
What bacteria: cut while in the water, leg is swollen, septic, h/o alcoholic liver dz. Tx?
Aeromonas hydrophilis
Tx = surgery, supportive care, and antibiotics with gram-negative coverage, such as doxycycline plus ciprofloxacin.
Sporotrichosis by Sporothrix schenckii
local: itraconazole
disseminated: amphotericin B (DM, transplant pts)
empiric tx of ecthyma gangrenosum 2/2 pseudomonas aeruginosa
Meropenem + cefepime until sensitivities are back
Respiratory failure, pulmonary edema, increased Hct (from Southwest or after visiting Yosemite National Park)
HANTA virus from rat feces
Tx of anthrax?
- CXR shows?
fluoroquinolone or PCN
- Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive, aerobic organism
- CXR shows mediastinal widening from hemorrhagic lymphadenitis
Tx Tularemia
streptomycin 7-10 days
by Francisella tularensis
Tx primary pneumonic plague?
isolation type?
by bacteria?
- either streptomycin or gentamicin
- droplet
- caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis; gram-negative coccobacilli; safety-pin shaped
Tx: Q fever, Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, Erysipelothrix
Doxycycline
pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: treatment
if allergic to Bactrim –>
If PO2 < 70 –>
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
if allergic to Bactrim –> clindamycin + primaquine
If PO2 < 70 –> add steroids
Cryptococcal meningitis tx
if one week later the pt still has a headache, then?
Amphotericin B + 5 FC induction and then change to long-term fluconazole
one week later: repeat lumbar puncture to relieve pressure
- smallpox exposure within 7 days and close contacts of patients (“ring vaccination”)
- treatment for outbreak
- vaccination with vaccinia
2. tecovirimat
Tx cyclospora
oral bactrim
Cyclospora protozoan infections are typically acquired after consumption of fecal-contaminated food or water, particularly in countries where the parasite is endemic, such as Peru, Guatemala, Haiti, and Nepal.
What protozoa is the most common cause of swimming pool–related outbreaks of diarrhea? Diagnosis is made by?
- Cryptosporidium
- Dx by microscopic examination of the stool or by stool antigen testing
What rapidly growing, nontuberculous mycobacteria can produce chronic, nonhealing wounds that do not respond to conventional antimicrobial therapy?
Mycobacterium fortuitum
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), infection is most common in?
Pulmonary disease.
- MAC is also responsible for most cases of NTM lymphadenitis.
- Disseminated MAC infection develops in patients with HIV who have CD4 cell counts less than 50/μL and are not receiving MAC prophylaxis. –> The clinical presentation often includes fever, night sweats, weight loss, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
- Risk factors for invasive or disseminated aspergillosis include?
- clinical pres?
- CXR shows?
- dx?
- Risk factors include profound and prolonged neutropenia and stem cell and solid organ transplantation
- clinical pres: patients have fever, cough, chest pain, and hemoptysis at presentation
- CXR: pulmonary infiltrates, nodules, or wedge-shaped densities
- dx by bronchoscopy with biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage
What virus is a cause of Ramsay Hunt syndrome?
Varicella-zoster
- presents with ear pain, a vesicular rash in the external ear (although the rash may be absent), and ipsilateral peripheral facial palsy.
Nonpurulent cellulitis without systemic signs of infection is usually caused by?
- tx?
- streptococci
- tx –> oral clindamycin, penicillin, cephalexin, or dicloxacillin.
For purulent skin infections, tx?
- caused by?
- I&D, then trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or doxycycline
- Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA
What are appropriate therapy for treatment of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) osteomyelitis associated with orthopedic hardware?
Cefazolin and rifampin
