Opportunistic infections in HIV

Question 1

CD4 T cells > 200

Answer 1

Community acquired PNA (Strep pneumo)
PPD+ –> tx when 5 mm with rifampin for 4 mos OR INH + rifapentine weekly x 12 wks
Kaposi’s sarcoma (HHV 8)
Lymphoma

Question 2

CD4 T cells < 200

Answer 2

Pneumocystis Jirovecii PNA

Candidiasis

Question 3

CD4 T cells < 100

Answer 3

Cryptococcal meningitis

Question 4

CD4 T cells < 50

Answer 4

MAI (Mycobacterium avium intracellulare)
CNS lymphoma (EBV antigen + in almost all of them)

Question 5

CD4 T cells < 25

Answer 5

CMV retinitis

Progressive mutifocal leukoencephalopathy (JC virus)

Question 6

Prophylaxis against opportunistic infections:

CD4 T cells < 200 –> PJP?

Answer 6

PJP: Bactrim, dapsone, atovaquone

Question 7

ring enhancing lesions

Answer 7

toxoplasmosis, brain abscess, lymphoma

Question 8

toxoplasmosis tx

Answer 8

sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine

Question 9

A screening HIV test result that is positive on the initial antigen/antibody combination immunoassay but negative on the antibody differentiation immunoassay and nucleic acid amplification testing for HIV RNA represents what?

Answer 9

a false-positive result

Question 10

Preferred HIV postexposure prophylaxis regimens include?

Answer 10

tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, and either dolutegravir or raltegravir and are appropriate whether the exposure was occupational or nonoccupational

Question 11

What induration on tuberculin skin testing is considered positive in persons who are immunocompromised, including those with HIV?

Answer 11

5-mm
- if no other signs of tuberculosis infection are present, treatment for latent tuberculosis infection should be initiated with isoniazid + pyridoxine