Organisations of the body Flashcards
What is the role of oxygen in the body?
component of water and organic molecules, essential to cellular respiration
What is respiration?
Process in which cellular energy, ATP is produced
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
What is the role of carbon in the body?
main component of all organic molecules e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
What is the role of hydrogen in the body?
component of water, all foods and most organic molecules. It also influences pH of body fluids
What is the role of nitrogen in the body?
component of all proteins and nucleic acids
What is the role of calcium in the body?
found in bones & teeth. Muscle contraction, nerve transmission, release of hormones and blood clotting
What is the role of phosphorous in the body?
found in bones & teeth as well as nucleic acids and many proteins. Forms part of ATP
What is the role of potassium in the body?
necessary for many chemical reactions in the cell. Important for nerve transmission and muscle contraction
What is the role of sulphur in the body?
component of some vitamins and many proteins
What is the role of sodium in the body?
necessary for many chemical reactions in the extracellular fluid (outside of the cell). Also plays a role in water balance, nerve impulses and muscle contraction
What is the role of chlorine in the body?
necessary for many chemical reactions in the extracellular fluid
What is the role of magnesium in the body?
found in bones an some enzyme activity
What is the role of iodine in the body?
necessary for thyroid hormones
What is the role of iron in the body?
component of haemoglobin
Elements present in water are…
H O
Elements present in carbohydrates are…
C H O
Functions of water are…
maintaining body temp, lubricant, cushioning, universal solvent
Name 2 types of carbohydrates found in the body
Monosaccharides (simple sugars); Starch; Glycogen; Cellulose
Elements present in lipids (fats) are…
C H O
Name 2 types of lipids found in the body
Triglycerides (neutral fats); Phospholipid; Steroids
Name examples of steroids
cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol
Elements present in proteins are
C H O N S
Types of proteins, name 3 from list
Structural; Regulatory; Contractile; Immunity; Transport; Catalytic; Energy source
Elements in nucleic acids are…
C H O N P
Name 2 nucleic acids
DNA RNA
Elements in adenosine triphosphate are…
C H O N P
Epithelial tissue…
covers body surfaces, absorption and filtration. lines hollow organs, cavities and ducts
Example of epithelial tissue
skin
Connective tissue…
protects and supports body & organs. binds organs together. stores energy reserves as fat. provide immunity
Examples of connective tissue
blood, adipose tissue, bone
Muscle tissue.….
provides movement and force
Example of muscle tissue
skeletal muscle
Nervous tissue…
initiates and transmits nerve impulses
Example of nervous tissue
nerves
Simple squamous (pavement) epithelium is…
is single layer of flat squamous cells
An example of location of simple squamous (pavement) epithelium…
lines blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, air-sacs of lungs and forms serous membranes
Function of simple squamous (pavement) epithelium
filtration, osmosis, diffusion and secretion
Simple cuboidal epithelium is…
a single layer of cube-shaped cells
An example of location of simple cuboidal epithelium…
covers the surface of the ovaries, lines kidney tubules and forms the ducts of many glands
Function of simple cuboidal epithelium
secretion and absorption
Simple columnar epithelium is…
a single layer of rectangular cells. May contain goblet cells which produce a lubricating mucus and microvilli which are finger-like projections that increase the layer of the plasma membrane
An example of location of simple columnar epithelium…
lining of gastro-intestinal tract
Function of simple columnar epithelium is…
secretion and absorption
Ciliated simple columnar epithelium is
a single layer of rectangular cells that contain hair-like projections called cilia, which help move substances
An example of location of ciliated simple columnar epithelium is…
lines part of the upper respiratory tract, the Fallopian tubes and some of the sinuses
Function of Ciliated simple columnar epithelium is…
moves fluids or particles along a passageway
Characteristics of simple epithelium are…
single layer of cells; thin and functions in absorption, secretion and filtration
Characteristics of stratified epithelium are…
consists of two or more layers of cells. Durable and functions in protecting underlying tissues and areas of wear and tear. Some also produce secretions
Stratified squamous epithelium…
consists of several layers if cells which are squamous in the superficial layer and cuboidal to columnar in the deep layers. Exists in keratinised and non-keratinised form.
What is keratin?
A tough, waterproof protein that is resistant to friction and helps repel bacteria
Example of location of stratified squamous epithelium…
superficial layer of the skin is a keratinised form while wet surfaces such as the mouth and tongue are non-keratinised
Function of Stratified squamous epithelium…
protection
Transitional epithelium….
change shape when the tissue is stretched
Example of location of Transitional epithelium..
organs of urinary system e.g. bladder
Function of Transitional epithelium
allows for distension
Characteristics of loose connective tissue
loosely woven fibres and many cells. It is a softer connective tissue
Areolar tissue description:
loose, soft, pliable, semifluid tissue, most widely distributed type of connective tissue in the body. It contains collagen, elastic and reticular fibres which give areolar tissues its elasticity and extensibility
Example of location of Areolar tissue
surrounds body organs and is found in subcutaneous layer of the skin
Function of Areolar tissue..
strength, elasticity and support (glue that holds internal organs in their positions)
