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Anatomy & Physiology L3 > Organisations of the body > Flashcards

Organisations of the body Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of oxygen in the body?

A

component of water and organic molecules, essential to cellular respiration

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2
Q

What is respiration?

A

Process in which cellular energy, ATP is produced

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3
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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4
Q

What is the role of carbon in the body?

A

main component of all organic molecules e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

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5
Q

What is the role of hydrogen in the body?

A

component of water, all foods and most organic molecules. It also influences pH of body fluids

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6
Q

What is the role of nitrogen in the body?

A

component of all proteins and nucleic acids

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7
Q

What is the role of calcium in the body?

A

found in bones & teeth. Muscle contraction, nerve transmission, release of hormones and blood clotting

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8
Q

What is the role of phosphorous in the body?

A

found in bones & teeth as well as nucleic acids and many proteins. Forms part of ATP

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9
Q

What is the role of potassium in the body?

A

necessary for many chemical reactions in the cell. Important for nerve transmission and muscle contraction

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10
Q

What is the role of sulphur in the body?

A

component of some vitamins and many proteins

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11
Q

What is the role of sodium in the body?

A

necessary for many chemical reactions in the extracellular fluid (outside of the cell). Also plays a role in water balance, nerve impulses and muscle contraction

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12
Q

What is the role of chlorine in the body?

A

necessary for many chemical reactions in the extracellular fluid

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13
Q

What is the role of magnesium in the body?

A

found in bones an some enzyme activity

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14
Q

What is the role of iodine in the body?

A

necessary for thyroid hormones

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15
Q

What is the role of iron in the body?

A

component of haemoglobin

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16
Q

Elements present in water are…

A

H O

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17
Q

Elements present in carbohydrates are…

A

C H O

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18
Q

Functions of water are…

A

maintaining body temp, lubricant, cushioning, universal solvent

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19
Q

Name 2 types of carbohydrates found in the body

A

Monosaccharides (simple sugars); Starch; Glycogen; Cellulose

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20
Q

Elements present in lipids (fats) are…

A

C H O

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21
Q

Name 2 types of lipids found in the body

A

Triglycerides (neutral fats); Phospholipid; Steroids

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22
Q

Name examples of steroids

A

cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol

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23
Q

Elements present in proteins are

A

C H O N S

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24
Q

Types of proteins, name 3 from list

A

Structural; Regulatory; Contractile; Immunity; Transport; Catalytic; Energy source

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25
Q

Elements in nucleic acids are…

A

C H O N P

26
Q

Name 2 nucleic acids

A

DNA RNA

27
Q

Elements in adenosine triphosphate are…

A

C H O N P

28
Q

Epithelial tissue…

A

covers body surfaces, absorption and filtration. lines hollow organs, cavities and ducts

29
Q

Example of epithelial tissue

A

skin

30
Q

Connective tissue…

A

protects and supports body & organs. binds organs together. stores energy reserves as fat. provide immunity

31
Q

Examples of connective tissue

A

blood, adipose tissue, bone

32
Q

Muscle tissue.….

A

provides movement and force

33
Q

Example of muscle tissue

A

skeletal muscle

34
Q

Nervous tissue…

A

initiates and transmits nerve impulses

35
Q

Example of nervous tissue

A

nerves

36
Q

Simple squamous (pavement) epithelium is…

A

is single layer of flat squamous cells

37
Q

An example of location of simple squamous (pavement) epithelium…

A

lines blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, air-sacs of lungs and forms serous membranes

38
Q

Function of simple squamous (pavement) epithelium

A

filtration, osmosis, diffusion and secretion

39
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium is…

A

a single layer of cube-shaped cells

40
Q

An example of location of simple cuboidal epithelium…

A

covers the surface of the ovaries, lines kidney tubules and forms the ducts of many glands

41
Q

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

secretion and absorption

42
Q

Simple columnar epithelium is…

A

a single layer of rectangular cells. May contain goblet cells which produce a lubricating mucus and microvilli which are finger-like projections that increase the layer of the plasma membrane

43
Q

An example of location of simple columnar epithelium…

A

lining of gastro-intestinal tract

44
Q

Function of simple columnar epithelium is…

A

secretion and absorption

45
Q

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium is

A

a single layer of rectangular cells that contain hair-like projections called cilia, which help move substances

46
Q

An example of location of ciliated simple columnar epithelium is…

A

lines part of the upper respiratory tract, the Fallopian tubes and some of the sinuses

47
Q

Function of Ciliated simple columnar epithelium is…

A

moves fluids or particles along a passageway

48
Q

Characteristics of simple epithelium are…

A

single layer of cells; thin and functions in absorption, secretion and filtration

49
Q

Characteristics of stratified epithelium are…

A

consists of two or more layers of cells. Durable and functions in protecting underlying tissues and areas of wear and tear. Some also produce secretions

50
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium…

A

consists of several layers if cells which are squamous in the superficial layer and cuboidal to columnar in the deep layers. Exists in keratinised and non-keratinised form.

51
Q

What is keratin?

A

A tough, waterproof protein that is resistant to friction and helps repel bacteria

52
Q

Example of location of stratified squamous epithelium…

A

superficial layer of the skin is a keratinised form while wet surfaces such as the mouth and tongue are non-keratinised

53
Q

Function of Stratified squamous epithelium…

A

protection

54
Q

Transitional epithelium….

A

change shape when the tissue is stretched

55
Q

Example of location of Transitional epithelium..

A

organs of urinary system e.g. bladder

56
Q

Function of Transitional epithelium

A

allows for distension

57
Q

Characteristics of loose connective tissue

A

loosely woven fibres and many cells. It is a softer connective tissue

58
Q

Areolar tissue description:

A

loose, soft, pliable, semifluid tissue, most widely distributed type of connective tissue in the body. It contains collagen, elastic and reticular fibres which give areolar tissues its elasticity and extensibility

59
Q

Example of location of Areolar tissue

A

surrounds body organs and is found in subcutaneous layer of the skin

60
Q

Function of Areolar tissue..

A

strength, elasticity and support (glue that holds internal organs in their positions)

Anatomy & Physiology L3 (2 decks)

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