Anatomical positions Flashcards
Anatomical positions
Cephalic refers to
Head
Cutaneous refers to
Skin
Cranial refers to
Skull
Facial refers to
Face
Frontal
Forehead
Opthalmic/ Orbital refers to
Eye
Otic refers to
Ear
Buccal refers to
Cheek
Nasal refers to
Nose
Occipital refers to
Back of the head
Cervical refers to
Neck
Thoracic refers to
Chest
Costal refers to
Ribs
Pericardial refers to
Heart
Mammary refers to
Breast
Abdominal refers to
Abdomen
Umbilical refers to
Navel
Dorsal refers to
Back
Lumbar refers to
Lower back
Coxal refers to
Hip
Pelvic refers to
Pelvis
Inguinal refers to
Groin
Pubic refers to
Pubis
Perineal refers to
Area between anus and urethral opening
Acromial refers to
Shoulder
Scapular refers to
Shoulder blade
Axillary refers to
Armpit
Brachial refers to
Arm, upper limb
Cubital refers to
Elbow or forearm
Antecubital refers to
Front of the elbow
Olecranal refers to
Back of the elbow
Antebrachial refers to
Forearm
Carpal refers to
Wrist
Manual refers to
Hand
Palmar/ Metacarpal refers to
Palm, inner surface of the hand
Digital/ Phalangeal refers to
Fingers (also toes)
Gluteal refers to
Buttock
Crural refers to
Leg, lower limb
Fermoral refers to
Thigh
Patellar refers to
Front of knee
Popliteal refers to
Hollow behind the knee
Sural refers to
Calf
Tarsal refers to
Ankle
Pedal refers to
Foot
Calcaneal refers to
Heel
Plantar refers to
Sole of the foot
Digital/ Phalangeal refers to
Toes (also refers to the fingers)
Cranial cavity
Contains the brain and is protected by the bony skull (cranium)
Spinal cavity/ canal
Contains the spinal cord and is protected by the vertebrae
Thoracic cavity
Contains trachea, 2 bronchi, 2 lungs, heart & oesophagus - protected by ribcage.
What separates the thoracic & abdominal cavities
diaphragm muscle
What is abdominopelvic cavity made up of?
abdominal and pelvic cavity
Name components of thoracic cavity
2 bronchi, 2 lungs, heart & oesophagus
What is thoracic cavity protected by?
Ribcage
Name components of abdominal cavity
stomach, spleen, liver , gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intenstine
What are components of the abdominal cavity covered by?
peritoneum
What is abdominal cavity protected by?
muscles of abdominal wall, partially the ribcage and diaphragm
Name components of pelvic cavity
portion of large intestine, urinary, bladder and reproductive organs
What is pelvic cavity protected by?
pelvic bones
What is superior?
towards the head or above
What is inferior?
away from the head or below
What is medial?
towards the midline, or on the inner side
What is lateral?
away from the midline or on the outer side
What is proximal?
closer to its origin or point of attachment to a limb
What is distal?
farther from its origin or point of attachment to a limb
What is superficial?
towards the surface of the body
What is deep?
away from the surface of the body
What is peripheral?
at the surface or outer part of the body
What is anterior?
at the front of the body or in front of
What the posterior?
at the back of the body or behind
What is cephalad?
towards the head or above
What is cranial?
towards the head or above
What is caudal?
away from the head or below
What is ventral?
at the front of the body or in front
What is dorsal?
at the back of the body, behind
The nose is_____ to the mouth
superior
The mouth is _____to the nose
inferior
The nose is ____to the ears
medial
The ears are _____to the nose
lateral
The elbow is _____ to the wrist
proximal
The wrist is _____ to the elbow
distal
The skin is ____to the muscles
superficial
The muscles are____to the skin
deep
The hands and feet are at the _____ of the body
periphery
What does parietal relate to?
The inner walls of a body cavity
What does visceral relate to?
The internal organs of the body
The dorsal cavity is at the ____ of the body
back
The ventral cavity is at the _____ of the body
front
Sagittal plane
divides the body vertically into right and left portions
Frontal/ coronal plane
divides the body vertically (longitudinally) into posterior and anterior portions
Transverse plane (cross-section)
divides the body horizontally into inferior and superior portions
Oblique plane
divides the body at an angle between the transverse plane and the frontal/ sagittal plane
