Organisations, Movements and Members Flashcards

1
Q

What is apart of the social groups?

A

Age
Gender
Ethnicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are older people more likely to be religious

A

Disengagement from wider society
Religious socialisation
Ill health and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is disengagement from wider society

A

Older people become detached from social normals and beliefs due to them changing
May lead to loneliness and social isolation
Partners and friends die, religion is a comforter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is religious socialisation

A

Older people have had greater emphasis on religion throughout socialisation
Brought up with Sunday school and church
May return to original beliefs as they get older = the ageing effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is ill health and death

A

Older people turn to religion as comfort, coping and meaning
They think about their own funeral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are younger people less likely to be religious

A

Pragmatic reasons
Social stigma
The generation effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are pragmatic reasons

A

Leisure has become a bigger part of life
Shops, pubs, clubs are open for longer
People have more demands on their time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is social stigma

A

Image of religion may be seen as uncool
Exerts social pressure not to be religious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the generation effect

A

Each generation is becoming more secular than the previous one
Due to cultural amnesia
Decline in religious education
Voas & Crockett each generation is half as religious as the previous, “the period effect” when people born in a particular time are more likely to be religious than others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are other explanations for age differences in belief

A

Religious beliefs appear out of touch with younger people eg gay rights and sex before marriage
Younger people are more likely to develop spiritual beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the privatisation of belief

A

Many people keep their beliefs private
Glasgow “youth and religion” youth appear to be constructing religious experiences but not attend a service
Eg go to a bible study or music event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the expanded spiritual marketplace

A

Traditional religion declines
Opens more spiritual ideas
New religions are available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are women more religious than men

A

Miller and Hoffmann
More likely to express greater interest
Have stronger personal religious commitment
Attend church more often

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Greeley’s explanation for why women are more interested in religion

A

As they begin growing a family, they feel responsibility
Women are more involved in caring than in practical responsibilities
They want support from their religion to also take care of their family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Miller and Hoffmann talk about with gender and religion

A

Differential socialisation
Differential roses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is differential socialisation

A

Taught to be submissive and passive
Women are more likely to follow the teachings and not challenge/ question what you are being taught

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is differential roles

A

Women have lower participation in paid work
Women have more time for church related activities
More need for a source of personal identity commitment = they need more opportunity to be someone else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does differential socialisation and differential roles lead to higher religiosity

A

Women are less likely to question what they are being taught due to them being passive and submissive
Female have more time to practice and value religion
Need a source of identity to escape from home

19
Q

What does halman and draulans say about women as the guardians of family life

A

Women act as guardians
Responsible in family life
Look after the home and children
Women are in charge of child’s moral development

20
Q

Why is life expectancy important in a greater religiosity in women

A

Women more likely to live longer
Look after their husbands
Givens them hope after their husband dies

21
Q

What did Bruce say about new age movements with women

A

Women are more likely to engage in them as they’re more feminine

22
Q

What types of deprivation do Glock and Stark say women face

A

Social deprivation - lack of power
Organismic deprivation - suffer physical/ mental problems
Ethical deprivation - perceive the world to be in moral decline
Psychic deprivation - wish for inner spiritual fulfilment

23
Q

Why may m’en with organismic deprivation be less attractive to NAMs

A

M’en may think more rationally
Not believe in the treatment
May feel drugs and alcohol are more useful so they can physically feel the effects

24
Q

Why do Cohen and Kennedy suggest men are more attracted to fundamentalist movements

A

There is limited choice
Men are more rational
Prefer straight answers

25
How can Cohen and Kennedy be criticised about gender
Women know what are they are doing And women are arrracted to it
26
What is an example of a fundamentalism religion
Rastafarianism Women are subordinate child bearers Cannot be leaders, cannot cook for husbands when menstruating No makeup No chemicals in hair No birth control
27
How can it be criticised that more women are religious than men
Fertility levels = women have fewer children, lower church attendance in both genders Feminist values = challenge Christian values about women Paid employment = less women in paid work Family diversity = single people, single parent families
28
What does the 2021 census data show about religious beliefs and ethnicity
Christianity declining Muslim increasing White declining Asian increasing Black African increasing
29
Why do ethnic minorities stay involved in religion
Economic factors Identity Family pressure Coping strategy
30
How do economic factors affect minorities and religion
Black people twice as likely to experience deep poverty in the UK more exposed to sit of living crisis as incomes have slumped Ethnic minorities more likely to be marginalised Stark and Bainbridge = religion as supernatural compensator Make up for struggles
31
How does identity relate to minorities and religion
Strength through difference Highly value their identity Getting together, same culture gives you a voice and power
32
How does family pressure relate to minorities and religion
People want to maintain connections with their country Maintain close knit communities More likely to live in a certain area together Want your children to carry on your religion so it doesn’t get lost
33
How does coping strategies relate to minorities and religion
Could be language and cultural clashes Joining new community can help cope with transition, make them feel more welcome Facing marginalisation and pressure, help to cope with these problems
34
Who believes in cultural defence and cultural transition
Bruce
35
What is cultural defence
People build a safe community away from racism Use religion as a defence from hostility
36
What is cultural transition
Facing challenges from the shock of transition Religious communities help and support them to reduce the shock eg Hindu temples, Muslim mosques, Sikh gurdwaras
37
What is evidence of cultural defence and transition
Areas which saw a high level of polish immigration have seen an increase in Catholic Churches
38
What does chryssides state about religion and ethnicity
Immigrant groups have three main paths they can choose Apostasy Accommodation Renewed vigor
39
What is apostasy according to chryssides
Where a particular set of beliefs are abandoned in a hostile environment
40
What is accommodation according to chryssides
Where religious practices are adapted to take into account the changed situation eg fasting is too difficult to do here so there is more praying
41
What is renewed vigor according to chryssides
Where ethnic minorities reassert their religion more strongly As a response to either or actual hostility
42
How is religion a form of cultural defence
Davie- important source of identity, strength through difference Chryssides- renewed vigor in hostility Modood- first generation immigrants faced greater hostility, more religious
43
How is religion not a cultural defence
Accommodation and apotasy Code switching/ cultural hybridity Could be family pressure