Organisation of the organism Flashcards
Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell
All typical cells have:
Cell membrane: controls movement in and out of cells
Cytoplasm: where chemical reactions take place
Nucleus: contains DNA and controls the cell
Mitochondria: where aerobic respiration happens
Ribosome: allows protein synthesis
Plant cells especially also have:
Vacuole: cell sap to keep cell turgid
Cell wall (all cells except for animal and protoctist cells have cell walls): rigid to keep the shape of the cell, strengthens the cell
Chloroplasts: contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
Describe the structure of a bacterial cell?
A bacterial cell only contains a cell wall, cell membrane,cytoplasm, ribosomes, circular DNA, and plasmids. They DO NOT have mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and a nucleus
How are new cells produced?
new cells are produced by division of existing cells
What is the function of ciliated cells?
movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi
What is the function of root hair cells?
absorption
What is the function of palisade mesophyll cells?
Photosynthesis
What is the function of neurones?
conduction of electrical impulses
What is the function of red blood cells?
transport of oxygen
What is the function of sperm and egg cells (gametes)?
reproduction
What are cells?
Building blocks of life
What are tissues?
Groups of cells with similar structures working
together to perform a shared function
What are organs?
Group of tissues working together to perform a
specific function
What are organ systems?
Group of organs with related functions working together to perform body functions
What is magnification?
image size ÷ actual size
What are the unit conversions?
1cm = 10mm
1mm = 1000μm
