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Biology > Characteristics and classification of living organisms > Flashcards

Characteristics and classification of living organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

What is movement?

A

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

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2
Q

What is respiration?

A

the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

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3
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

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4
Q

What is growth?

A

a permanent increase in size and dry mass

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5
Q

What is reproduction?

A

processes that make more of the same kind of organism

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6
Q

What is excretion?

A

removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements

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7
Q

What is nutrition?

A

the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

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8
Q

How can organisms be classified?

A

Organisms can be classified into groups by the features that they share

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9
Q

What is a species?

A

a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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10
Q

What is the binomial system?

A

system of naming species as an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species

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11
Q

Explain how classification systems aim to reflect evolutionary relationships

A

Scientists use DNA base sequence to help
classify organisms.
The similarity in DNA chains shows how closely related two organisms are

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12
Q

What is the sequence of classification:

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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13
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctist
Prokaryote

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14
Q

Features of all animal?

A

Multi cellular
Heterotrophs

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15
Q

Features of all plants?

A
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16
Q

Features of all Fungi

A
17
Q

Features of all protoctists

A
18
Q

Features of all prokaryotes

A
19
Q

Features of all mammals

A

Fur/hair on the skin
External ears (pinna)
Internal fertilisation, giving the birth of young
Mammary glands

20
Q

Features of all reptiles

A

Thick, dry, scaly skin
Usually 4 legs
Internal fertilisation, birth from egg
Soft eggs

21
Q

Features of all fish

A

Wet scales
Streamlined body shape
External fertilisation and soft eggs
Uses gills to breathe

22
Q

Features of all amphibians

A

Smooth, moist skin
External fertilisation and soft eggs
Gills & Lungs can live on land and water
Most have 4 leg

23
Q

Features of all birds

A

Feathers on body and scales on legs
Constant internal body temperature
Hard eggs
Internal fertilisation, birth through eggs

24
Q

What are the three common features of all arthropods.

A

Jointed legs
Segmented bodies
Exoskeleton

25
Q

Features of all crustaceans

A

1 pair of compound eyes
3 body segments – head, thorax, abdomen
More than four pairs of legs (10-14 legs)

26
Q

Features of all arachnids

A

2 body segments – cephalothorax and abdomen
Four pairs of legs (8 legs)

27
Q

Features of all myriapods

A

Segmented body
Additional segments formed
One pair of antennae
10+ pairs of legs – 1 or 2 pairs on each segment

28
Q

Features of all insects

A

3 body segments – head, thorax and abdomen
3 pairs of jointed legs (6 legs)
1 pair of antennae
1 or 2 pairs of wings

29
Q

What are plants classified into?

A

Ferns and flowering plants.

30
Q

Features of ferns

A

Do not produce flowers/seeds
They are plants with roots, stems and feathery leaves
Reproduce by spores

31
Q

Features of flowering plants

A

They are plants with roots, stems and leaves
Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and seeds
Seeds are produced inside the ovary in the flower

32
Q

Features of Monocotyledons

A

One cotyledon/One-seed leaf
Parallel veins
Long Narrow leaf
3 Flower Parts
Scattered Vascular Bundle

33
Q

Features of Dicotyledons

A

Two cotyledons/Two-seed leaf
Branching veins
Broad leaves
4 or 5 Flower Parts
Ringed Vascular Bundles

34
Q

Features of Viruses

A

Virus structure contains only a genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protein coat.

Biology (8 decks)

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