Characteristics and classification of living organisms Flashcards
What is movement?
an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place
What is respiration?
the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism
What is sensitivity?
the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment
What is growth?
a permanent increase in size and dry mass
What is reproduction?
processes that make more of the same kind of organism
What is excretion?
removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements
What is nutrition?
the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development
How can organisms be classified?
Organisms can be classified into groups by the features that they share
What is a species?
a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
What is the binomial system?
system of naming species as an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species
Explain how classification systems aim to reflect evolutionary relationships
Scientists use DNA base sequence to help
classify organisms.
The similarity in DNA chains shows how closely related two organisms are
What is the sequence of classification:
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctist
Prokaryote
Features of all animal?
Multi cellular
Heterotrophs
Features of all plants?
Features of all Fungi
Features of all protoctists
Features of all prokaryotes
Features of all mammals
Fur/hair on the skin
External ears (pinna)
Internal fertilisation, giving the birth of young
Mammary glands
Features of all reptiles
Thick, dry, scaly skin
Usually 4 legs
Internal fertilisation, birth from egg
Soft eggs
Features of all fish
Wet scales
Streamlined body shape
External fertilisation and soft eggs
Uses gills to breathe
Features of all amphibians
Smooth, moist skin
External fertilisation and soft eggs
Gills & Lungs can live on land and water
Most have 4 leg
Features of all birds
Feathers on body and scales on legs
Constant internal body temperature
Hard eggs
Internal fertilisation, birth through eggs
What are the three common features of all arthropods.
Jointed legs
Segmented bodies
Exoskeleton
Features of all crustaceans
1 pair of compound eyes
3 body segments – head, thorax, abdomen
More than four pairs of legs (10-14 legs)
Features of all arachnids
2 body segments – cephalothorax and abdomen
Four pairs of legs (8 legs)
Features of all myriapods
Segmented body
Additional segments formed
One pair of antennae
10+ pairs of legs – 1 or 2 pairs on each segment
Features of all insects
3 body segments – head, thorax and abdomen
3 pairs of jointed legs (6 legs)
1 pair of antennae
1 or 2 pairs of wings
What are plants classified into?
Ferns and flowering plants.
Features of ferns
Do not produce flowers/seeds
They are plants with roots, stems and feathery leaves
Reproduce by spores
Features of flowering plants
They are plants with roots, stems and leaves
Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and seeds
Seeds are produced inside the ovary in the flower
Features of Monocotyledons
One cotyledon/One-seed leaf
Parallel veins
Long Narrow leaf
3 Flower Parts
Scattered Vascular Bundle
Features of Dicotyledons
Two cotyledons/Two-seed leaf
Branching veins
Broad leaves
4 or 5 Flower Parts
Ringed Vascular Bundles
Features of Viruses
Virus structure contains only a genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protein coat.
