organisation of the human body

Question 1

What are the 6 daily activities of living?

Answer 1

Bathing, Ambulation, Toileting, Transfers, Eating and Dressing

Question 2

What are organ systems which contribute to fulfilling each physiological need?

Answer 2

Integumentary System, Skeletal System, Muscular System, Nervous System, Endocrine System, Cardiovascular System, Lymphatic System, Respiratory System, Digestive System, Urinary System, and Reproductive System - Female and Male.

Question 3

what are the levels of organisation in the human body?

Answer 3

molecules - organelles - cells - tissue - organ - organ system - organisms

Question 4

What is the relationship between cells, tissues, organs and systems?

Answer 4

A group of cells make up tissue, a group of tissue makes up an organ and groups of organs make up organ systems, an organ system makes up a organism

Question 5

An example of a cell, tissue, organ and organ system

Answer 5

nerve cell - cells
nerve tissue - tissue
brain - organ
nervous system - organ system

Question 6

What are the 4 major tissues in the human body?

Answer 6

epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue

Question 7

what is the structure of epithelial tissue?

Answer 7

structure; epithelial tissue are tightly packed cells, with a very little intercellular matrix. The cells of epithelial tissue have one free surface, that is not in contact with other cells, this is due to its function, which is to cover and line the body. Opposite the free surface, the cells are attached to underlying connective tissue by a non-cellular basement membrane.

Question 8

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

Answer 8

function; the main function of this tissue is too cover and line the body, both internally and externally.
producing vitamins and hormones as well as absorbing nutrients.

Question 9

what are the main functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 9

absorption - absorbing nutrients
protection - protecting the body and its organs
excretion - removing excess water and waste from the body
secretion - producing or releasing useful substances from a cell or gland such as saliva secreted from the salivary gland
filtration - blood is filtered through the kidneys
sensory reception - collecting signals from the environment, harm on you arms standing up due to cold temperature.

Question 10

what is the function of connective tissue?

Question 11

what is the structure of connective tissue?

Answer 11

this is made up of cells that form the bodies structure, for example bones, tendons and cartilage.

Question 12

what is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 12

function; the cell membrane encloses the contents of the cell, as well as providing protection. it is also semipermeable, selective of what enters and exits the cell.

Question 13

what is the structure of the cell membrane?

Answer 13

cell membranes are made up of a double layer of proteins and lipids - fat like molecules. within the membrane there are other molecules that act as channels and pumps. this allows to move in and out of the cell.

Question 14

what are the cells main organelles?

Answer 14

mitochondria, lysosomes, primary cilium, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 15

what is the mitochondria?

Answer 15

the powerhouse of the cell, produces ATP which the cell uses for energy.

Question 16

what are lysosomes?

Answer 16

contains enzymes which breaks down cells and debris.

Question 17

what is the primary cilium?

Answer 17

gathers information about conditions outside the cell.

Question 18

what is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 18

prepares proteins from secretion from the cell

Question 19

what are ribosomes?

Answer 19

they produce proteins

Question 20

what is the cell membrane?

Answer 20

semipermeable membrane which encloses contents of the cell and controls movement across it.

Question 21

what is the cytoplasm?

Answer 21

watery fluid that organelles sit inside in the cell.

Question 22

what is the nucleus?

Answer 22

contains genetic material such as DNA and controls the cell.

Question 23

what is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 23

involved in making proteins and lipids. transports molecules around the cell.

Question 24

What are the different transport mechanisms by which material can enter and leave cells via the cell membrane.

Answer 24

diffusion, osmosis and active transport

Question 25

what is diffusion?

Answer 25

the movement of molecules of high concentration, to low concentration.
for example high concentration of oxygen in the alveoli in the lungs, to a lower concentration in the red blood cells.

Question 26

what is osmosis?

Answer 26

is the movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a lower concentration across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 27

what is active transport?

Answer 27

active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. this requires cellular energy.

Question 28

what is the nucleus?

Answer 28

contains genetic material such as DNA and controls the cell.