Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3 - HNN > Organisation of Head and Neck > Flashcards

Organisation of Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Platysma AFI and how to test it

A
  • Attachments to the skin - contract to curl skin on neck
    • Lie immediately beneath the skin in superficial cervical fascia
    • Runs from mandible down the clavicle and to the chest wall
  • Action - depress corners of mouth
    • Assist in depression of mandible
  • To test on patient, tell them to tense muscles on neck
  • Innervation - facial nerve (cervical branch)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid AFI and how to test it

A
  • Attachments - arises from sternum and clavicle and inserts into mastoid process
  • Action - lateral flexion of neck and tilting chin up to contralateral side
    • Roll skull forward on joint between C1 and skull
    • Flexion of the neck (forward and backward)
  • To test in patient, ask them to lateral flex neck against hand
  • Innervation - accessory nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is torticollis

A

In some patients, sternocleidomastoid can contract involuntarily and alter position of head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Trapezius AFI and how to test it

A
  • Attachments - originates from external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line and spinous process
    • Fans out and inserts into spine of scapula and lateral 1/3 of clavicle
  • Action - shrug shoulders (elevation of shoulders)
  • To test on patent, tell them to contract shoulders against force
  • Innervation - accessory nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Omohyoid attachment

A

Attaches to hyoid bone and runs down neck behind sternocleidomastoid through the posterior triangle into the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Digastric attachment

A

Above the hyoid bone below the mandible into the mastoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

State the borders of the carotid triangle

A
  • Superior: Posterior belly of the digastric muscle.
  • Lateral: Medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
  • Inferior: Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State the contents of the carotid triangle

A
  • Common carotid artery bifurcates into external and internal carotid arteries
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Hypoglossal and vagus nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you test the trigeminal nerve

A
  • Touch dermatomes of three branches
  • Ophthalmic - front of face above nostrils
  • Maxillary - between nose and mouth
  • Mandibular - chin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the actions of the trigeminal nerve

A
  • Main sensory nerve of face and scalp

- Motor innervation to muscles of mastication - open or close jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the main branches of the trigeminal nerve

A
  • Va ophthalmic division
  • Vb maxillary division
  • Vc mandibular division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the terminal branches of the facial nerve

A
  • Two zebras broke my car
  • Temporal
  • Zygomatic
  • Buccal
  • Mandibular
  • Cervical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the actions of facial nerve

A
  • Motor innervation to muscles of facial expression - many act as dilatory and sphincters
    • Attach to bone and skin/fascia of face
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Orbicularis oculi FIE

A
  • Action - closes the eye
  • Innervation - temporal and zygomatic branches of facial nerve
  • Exam - close eyes and resist opening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris FIE

A
  • Action - elevates eyelid
  • Innervation - occulomotor motor
  • Exam - inspect eye for ptosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Occipitofrontalis FIE

A
  • Action - elevates eyebrows
  • Innervation - facial nerve
  • Exam - raise eyebrows
17
Q

Orbicularis oris FIE

A
  • Action - closes mouth
  • Innervation - facial nerve
  • Exam - dropping angle of the mouth
18
Q

Buccinator FIE

A
  • Action - flattens check
  • Innervation - facial nerve
  • Exam - blow out checks and resist expulsion of air
19
Q

Pterygoid FIE

A
  • Action - lateral (la) - opens mouth
    • Medial (me) - protrude mandible
  • Innervation - trigeminal nerve
  • Exam - open mouth against resistance
20
Q

Masseter FIE

A
  • Action - elevates mandible
  • Innervation - trigeminal nerve
  • Exam - palpitation during jaw clench
21
Q

Temporalis FIE

A
  • Action - elevates mandible
  • Innervation - trigeminal nerve
  • Exam - palpitation during jaw clench
22
Q

State the borders of the anterior triangle

A
  • Lateral border - anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
  • Superior border - inferior border of mandible
  • Medial border - midline of neck
23
Q

State the borders of the posterior triangle

A
  • Anterior border - posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
  • Posterior border - anterior border of trapezius
  • Inferior border - middle 1/3 of clavicle
24
Q

State the contents of the superficial cervical fascia

A
  • Loose connective tissue (subcutaneous tissue)

- Includes fat, platysma, cutaneous nerves, lymph nodes and superficial blood vessels

25
Q

State the layers of the deep cervical fascia and its contents

A
  • Dense connective tissue
  • Investing layer is the most superficial
  • Pretracheal layer is the middle layer and encloses trachea, thyroid gland and oesophagus
    • Buccopharyngeal fascia located on posterior side and invests in muscles of pharynx and oesophagus
  • Prevertebral layer is the deepest and encloses the vertebral column and the muscles associated with it
  • Carotid sheath contains common carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve
26
Q

Of omohyoid and digastric, which is infra-hyoid and which is supra-hyoid

A
  • Omohyoid - infra-hyoid

- Digastric - supra-hyoid

27
Q

State the location of the retropharyngeal space

A

Located inbetween the buccopharyngeal fascia and pre-vertebral fascia

28
Q

How can infection spread through retropharyngeal space

A
  • Retropharyngeal space and pretracheal spaces extend inferiorly into the mediastinum
    • Infection can potentially spread inferiorly to cause mediastinitus
  • Inserting surgical airways could transfer bacteria into pretracheal space
29
Q

How can abscess in retropharyngeal space cause pain

A
  • Cause pain when turning neck and during swallowing
    • Normally prevertebral fascia is locked and pretracheal fascia is moving during rotation, however rubbing of fascia due to abscess causes pain
    • Pain in swallowing as retropharyngeal space allows pharynx to move freely and expand during swallowing

3 - HNN (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions