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Science Mid Term Sec 3 > Organisation Du Vivant > Flashcards

Organisation Du Vivant Flashcards

1
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of particles from a concentrated medium to a less concentrated medium

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2
Q

What does ADN stand for?

A

Acide Désoxyribonucléique

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3
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

Formed of 2 strands in a double helix connected by nucleotide pairs

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4
Q

What are the nucleotide bases in DNA?

A
  • Adénine
  • Cytosine
  • Guanine
  • Thymine
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5
Q

How is DNA organized in a species?

A

In sequences of nucleotides

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6
Q

How many genes do humans possess?

A

Approximately 25,000 genes

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7
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

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8
Q

What is a gene?

A

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait

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9
Q

What is the term for cells with 46 chromosomes?

A

Diploid

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10
Q

What is the term for cells with only one set of chromosomes?

A

Haploid

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11
Q

True or False: Humans have homologous chromosomes.

A

True

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: DNA is organized into _______.

A

chromosomes

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13
Q

What does the acronym SWATSOMA refer to in the context of DNA?

A

The structure of DNA

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14
Q

What chromosome is associated with earlobe attachment?

A

Chromosome #4

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15
Q

What is the difference between somatic cells and gametes in terms of chromosome number?

A

Somatic cells have 46 chromosomes; gametes have 23 chromosomes

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16
Q

What is the chromosome number in a diploid human cell?

A

46 chromosomes (2n = 23 pairs)

A diploid organism has two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

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17
Q

What are the two modes of cell division found in humans?

A

Mitosis and meiosis

These processes are essential for growth, development, and reproduction.

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18
Q

What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

A

To produce identical daughter cells

Mitosis is used for growth and to replace damaged cells.

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19
Q

How many phases are there in mitosis?

A

Four phases

The phases are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

20
Q

What occurs during prophase?

A

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane disappears, mitotic apparatus appears

This phase prepares the cell for the separation of its chromosomes.

21
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of copying genetic information is called _______.

A

Replication of DNA

This process is crucial for cell division and genetic inheritance.

22
Q

True or False: Mitosis results in genetically diverse daughter cells.

A

False

Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells.

23
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Les chromosomes répliqués s’alignent pour former la plaque équatoriale

This stage ensures that chromosomes are properly positioned for separation.

24
Q

What occurs in anaphase?

A
  1. Chromosomes répliqués se séparent en 2 chromosomes fils
  2. Chromosomes fils se déplacent vers les pôles opposés

This process is crucial for ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

25
What key events take place during telophase?
1. La membrane nucléaire réapparaît 2. Disparition de l'appareil mitotique 3. Chromosines se déspiralisent en chromatine 4. La cellule mère se divise en 2 cellules filles identiques ## Footnote This stage marks the near end of cell division, preparing for cytokinesis.
26
How are chromosomes identified?
Grâce à 2 facteurs : * La longueur totale du chromosome * La position du centromère ## Footnote This identification is often used in karyotyping to detect chromosomal abnormalities.
27
What is the purpose of meiosis?
Produire les gamètes et réduire le matériel génétique ## Footnote Meiosis results in four non-identical daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes.
28
What is the result of meiosis?
Produits : 4 gamètes avec 23 chromosomes chacun ## Footnote This reduction is necessary for sexual reproduction, maintaining the species' chromosome number.
29
True or False: The meiotic process occurs in two successive divisions.
True ## Footnote Meiosis consists of two rounds of division, meiosis I and meiosis II.
30
Fill in the blank: The chromosomes are identifiable through their length and the position of the _______.
centromère ## Footnote Identifying chromosomes through these features is important in genetics.
31
Cest quoi les 2 divisions de le méiose?
Reduc et equa
32
Décris les deux divisions
Reduc + equa
33
Cest quoi une cellule souche
Une cellule non différenciée
34
Cest quoi les 5 facteurs qui assurent la diversité génétique
Mélange entre les populations Répartition aléatoire des Chr a l’anaphse 1 Hazard de la fécondation Recombinaison génétique Mutation génétique
35
Cest quoi les 3 règles de la génétique
Gene dominant Codominance Gène récessif lié au chr X
36
Cest quoi une transformation génétique
Modification de l’ ADN d’un organisme vivant
37
CeSt quoi les étapes de la création d’un OGM
1-trouver une organisme avec gène d’intérêt 2-extrait le gêne d’intérêt 3-insérer le gene dans LADN de l’organisme a modifier 4- sélection des organismes auquel le la gene est opérante.
38
CeSt quoi un tissu?
Ensemble de cellules semblablement différenciés
39
Décrit le TM STRIÉ CARDIAQUE ET LISSE
Strie: fast and involontaire Cardiaque: involontaire, rapide, séquentielle Lisse: lent et involontaire
40
CeSt quoi le tissu nerveux
Influx nerveux propage l’info
41
CeSt quoi le tissu épithélial
Recouvre une surface
42
CeSt quoi le tissu conjonctif
Soutien unit et protège
43
CeSt quoi une organs
Ensemble de tissus identiques qui servent à faire une fonction
44
Cest quoi un système
Ensemble d’organe qui fonctionne de manière synchronisés pour combler une fonction
45
Cest quoi les trois fonctions vitales
Nutrition reproduction and relation

Science Mid Term Sec 3 (5 decks)

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