Organisation And The Digestive System

Question 1

Tissues

Answer 1

A group of cells with similar structures and functions working together.

Question 2

Organs

Answer 2

Collectives of tissues working together to perform a specific function.

Question 3

Organ systems

Answer 3

Groups of organs that all work together to perform specific functions.

Question 4

Digestive system

Answer 4

Breaking down food in large soluble molecules into smaller, soluble molecules to be absorbed by the body.

Question 5

Salivary gland

Answer 5

To produce digestive enzymes such as lipase and amylase.

Question 6

Oesophagus

Answer 6

Carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

Question 7

Liver

Answer 7

Produces bile for lipid digestion. Bile emulsifies (breaks down) large fat droplets.

Question 8

Small instestine

Answer 8

Digest food and absorb nutrients from digested food. Produces amylase, lipase and protease.

Question 9

Large intestine

Answer 9

Absorbs water from digested food.

Question 10

Pancreas

Answer 10

Produces/releases digestive enzymes such as protease, lipase, and amylase.

Question 11

Gall bladder

Answer 11

Stores bile before release into small intestine.

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

Made of simple sugars. C H O. Bread, potatoes, pasta. Starch is a complex carbohydrate made up of glucose.

Question 13

Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

Answer 13

Carbohydrases (e.g. amylase) break down carbohydrates into glucose.

Question 14

How to test for starch

Answer 14

Use iodine. If it turns from orange brown to blue black it contains starch.

Question 15

How to test for sugars

Answer 15

Use Benedicts solution. If it turns from clear blue to brick red, sugars are present.

Question 16

What are carbohydrates used for?

Answer 16

As an energy source.

Question 17

Lipids

Answer 17

Fats and oils. C H O N. Insoluble. Made up of 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids. Butter, cheese, cream.

Question 18

Enzyme that breaks down lipids

Answer 18

Lipase digests lipids creating glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 19

How to test for lipids

Answer 19

Use ethanol and water. If it turns milky white it contains lipids.

Question 20

What are lipids used for?

Answer 20

As an energy source, to make up cell membranes, and to help produce hormones.

Question 21

Proteins

Answer 21

Made up of long chains of small units called amino acids. C H O N. Meat, fish, pulses. Most efficient store of energy in the body.

Question 22

Enzyme that breaks down proteins

Answer 22

Protease breaks down protein into amino acids. The protease from the stomach is called pepsin.

Question 23

How to test for proteins

Answer 23

To test for proteins you use biuret solution. If it turns from blue to purple, proteins are present.

Question 24

What are proteins used for?

Answer 24

Proteins are used for structural components of tissues, as hormones e.g. insulin, as antibodies in the immune system, and as enzymes.

Question 25

What is a catalyst?

Answer 25

A substance that speeds up chemical reactions but doesn’t get used up.

Question 26

What is an enzyme?

Answer 26

A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions made of proteins. It can be used many times.

Question 27

How do enzymes work?

Answer 27

The substrate binds to the uniquely fitting active site of the enzyme, the reaction takes place and the products leave the active site.

Question 28

What is denaturation?

Answer 28

When an enzyme’s active site is altered by a change in PH or temperature. The substrate cannot fit anymore, so the reaction is stopped.