Cell Structure And Transport

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

Liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended and where chemical reactions take place.

Question 2

Mitochondria

Answer 2

Structures in the cytoplasm where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell.

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Where protein synthesis takes place, making all the proteins needed in the cell.

Question 4

Cell membrane

Answer 4

Controls passage of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Controls all activities of the cell and is surrounded by the nuclear membrane. Contains DNA.

Question 6

Permanent vacuole

Answer 6

A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap. This is important for keeping the plant turgid (rigid).

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

Made of cellulose to strengthen and support the cell.

Question 8

Chloroplasts

Answer 8

Found in all green areas of a plant. Are green because of chlorophyll which absorbs light so the plant can make food (glucose) by photosynthesis.

Question 9

Eukaryotic cells (eukaryotes)

Answer 9

Animal and plant cells. All have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material contained within a nucleus.

Question 10

Prokaryotic cells (prokaryotes)

Answer 10

Single celled living organisms, e.g. bacteria. DNA is not contained within a nucleus but is a single DNA loop found free in the cytoplasm. Can have plasmids and flagellum.

Question 11

Xylem cells

Answer 11

Xylem is the transport tissue of the plant carrying water from the roots to the shoots. Also supports the plant. Xylem cells die and form long hollow tubes that allow water and mineral ions easily through. A chemical called lignin forms strong rings and spirals that support the structure.

Question 12

Phloem cells

Answer 12

Phloem cells carry food made by photosynthesis around the plant. They form tubes the dissolved food can move through. The cell walls between cells break down to form special sieve plates to move through and the phloem cells are supported by companion cells which keep them alive by transferring energy to them.

Question 13

Osmosis

Answer 13

The movement of water or other solvent through a semi permeable membrane from a region of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

Question 14

Diffusion

Answer 14

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 15

Active transport

Answer 15

The movement of particles across a cell membrane into an area of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.