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Biology paper 1 > Organisation > Flashcards

Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up in the reaction

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2
Q

What is lock and key theory?

A

Where the substrate has to fit into the enzyme’s active site to be catalysed

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3
Q

What is the optimum pH for enzymes to work at?

A

pH 7, but not always

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4
Q

What does amylase break down?

A

Carbohydrate into starch

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5
Q

What does protease break down?

A

Proteins into amino acids

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6
Q

What does lipase break down?

A

Lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

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7
Q

Where is amylase found?

A

Salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

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8
Q

Where is protease found?

A

Stomach (as pepsin), small intestine and pancreas

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9
Q

Where is lipase found?

A

The pancreas and the small intestine

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10
Q

Where is bile made and stored?

A

It is stored in the gaul bladder and made in the liver?

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11
Q

What does bile do?

A

It neutralises the stomach so enzymes can work there and it emulsifies fat

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12
Q

What happens in the large intestine?

A

Excess water is absorbed from food

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13
Q

What is the rectum for?

A

To store faeces

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14
Q

What happens in the small intestine?

A

Digested food is absorbed into the blood

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15
Q

What happens in the stomach?

A

It pummels the food and produces hydrochloric acid to kill the bacteria and give the right pH for pepsin

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16
Q

What is used to test for sugars?

A

Benedict’s solution

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17
Q

What is used to test for starch?

A

Iodine solution

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18
Q

What is used to test for protein?

A

Biuret solution

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19
Q

What is used to test for lipids?

A

Sudan III stain solution

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20
Q

How does air get to your lungs?

A

It goes through the trachea, which then splits into the bronchi which then split into smaller tubes called bronchioles. At the end of each bronchiole is an alveoli

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21
Q

What is a double circulatory system?

A

Two circuits joined together

22
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

23
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

It pumps oxygenated blood around the body

24
Q

Why does the heart have valves?

A

To stop blood flowing in the wrong direction

25
Q

What are the names of the four chambers of the heart?

A

The right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle

26
Q

Explain how blood flows through the heart

A

Blood flows into the two atria through the vena cava and pulmonary vein.The atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles. The ventricles contract, forcing the blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta, out of the heart

27
Q

What is the pacemaker?

A

A group of cells in the heart that send out and electric pulse to keep the heart beating at a regular rate

28
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

29
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

Involved in the exchange of materials at the tissue

30
Q

What do veins do?

A

Carry blood to the heart

31
Q

What are the properties of arteries?

A

Strong, elastic and thick

32
Q

What are the properties of capillaries?

A

Tiny, close to every cell, permeable walls and one-cell-thick walls

33
Q

What are the properties of veins?

A

Not thick, bigger lumen and have valves

34
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

Carry oxygen

35
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Defend against infection

36
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Help to clot blood

37
Q

What does plasma do?

A

A liquid that carried everything in blood

38
Q

What do stents do?

A

Keep arteries open so that blood can pass through

39
Q

What do statins do?

A

They are drugs that can reduce the amount of bad cholesterol present in the bloodstream, which slows down the rate of fatty deposits forming

40
Q

What are other ways of helping cardiovascular disease?

A

Fake hearts, biological or mechanical valves and artificial blood

41
Q

What is benign cancer?

A

Where the tumour grows until there’s no more room

42
Q

What is malignant cancer?

A

Where the tumour spreads to neighbouring healthy tissue

43
Q

What is the epidermal tissue?

A

This covers the whole plant

44
Q

What is the palisade mesophyll tissue?

A

Part of the leaf where most photosynthesis happens

45
Q

What is the spongy mesophyll tissue?

A

Part of the leaf and contains big air spaces to allow diffusion of gases

46
Q

What are the xylem and phloem?

A

Transport things like water, mineral ions and food around the plant

47
Q

What is the meristem tissue?

A

Can differentiate into any type of plant cell

48
Q

What is transpiration?

A

loss of water from the plant

49
Q

What is translocation?

A

Where the transport goes in both directions

50
Q

What is transpiration rate affected by?

A

Light intensity (+), temperature (+), humidity (-) and air flow (+)

51
Q

What are guard cells adapted for?

A

Gas exchange and controlling water loss within a leaf

Biology paper 1 (4 decks)

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