Cells

Question 1

Which is bigger - prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 1

Eucaryotic

Question 2

What are Eukaryotes?

Answer 2

Organisms that are made up of Eukaryotic cells

Question 3

What is a Prokaryote?

Answer 3

A single celled organism

Question 4

Name all of the animal subcellular structures

Answer 4

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membranes, mitochondria and ribosomes

Question 5

What subcellular structures do plants have that animals don’t?

Answer 5

Cell wall, permanent vacuole and chloroplasts

Question 6

What are the two types of microscopes?

Answer 6

Light microscopes and electron microscopes

Question 7

How do light microscopes work?

Answer 7

They use light and lenses to form an image of a specimen and magnify it

Question 8

Why are electron microscopes better than light microscopes?

Answer 8

They have a higher magnification and a higher resolution so that we can see smaller things in better detail

Question 9

How do you find magnification?

Answer 9

Image size / real size

Question 10

How are sperm cells specialised?

Answer 10

Long tail, streamlined head, lots of mitochondria and special enzymes

Question 11

How are nerve cells specialised?

Answer 11

Long and branched connection at ends (so they can forma network)

Question 12

How are muscle cells specialised?

Answer 12

Long to give space to contract and lots of mitochondria

Question 13

How are root hair cells specialised?

Answer 13

Big surface area and large vacuole

Question 14

How are phloem and xylem cells specialised?

Answer 14

Long, joined end to end, xylem are hollow in the centre and phloem have few subcellular structures (so things can flow through)

Question 15

How many pairs are there of chromosomes in the nucleus?

Answer 15

23

Question 16

What are chromosomes?

Answer 16

Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules

Question 17

What mitosis?

Answer 17

The stage of the cell cycle where cells divide

Question 18

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 18

A series of stages where body cells in multicellular organisms divide to produce new cells

Question 19

What does the cell have to do before it divides?

Answer 19

grow and increase the amount of subcellular structures, then duplicate the DNA to form X shaped chromosomes

Question 20

What is diffusion?

Answer 20

The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 21

Finish this sentence: the bigger the concentration gradient

Answer 21

The faster the diffusion rate

Question 22

How does temperature effect the diffusion rate and why?

Answer 22

A higher temperature will increase the diffusion rate as the particles will be moving faster as they have more energy

Question 23

Finish this sentence: the larger the surface area

Answer 23

The higher the rate of diffusion

Question 24

What is osmosis?

Answer 24

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

Question 25

Give three examples of where active transport is used

Answer 25

Root hair cells taking in minerals, taking glucose from the kidney tubes and in the gut when there’s a higher concentration of nutrients in the gut than in the blood