Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

Principles of Organisation

What is a cell?

A

The basic building block of a living organism

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2
Q

Principles of Organisation

What is a tissue?

A

A group of similar cells with a similar structure and function working together.

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3
Q

Principles of Organisation

What is an organ?

A

A collection of tissues working together to perform a specific function.

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4
Q

Principles of Organisation

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs working together to perform a specific function.

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5
Q

The human digestive system

What is the main function of the digestive system?

A

To digest food and absorb the nutrients obtained from digestion.

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6
Q

The human digestive system

What is the role of the pancreas and the salivary gland in the digestive system?

A

These are glands which produce digestive juices containing enzymes.

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7
Q

The human digestive system

What is the role of the stomach?

A

Produces hydrochloric acid - which kills any bacteria present and provides the optimum acidic pH for the protease enzyme to function.

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8
Q

The human digestive system

What is the role of the small intestine?

A

The site where soluble food molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream.

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9
Q

The human digestive system

What is the role of the liver?

A

Produces bile which emulsifies lipids and allows the lipase enzyme to work more efficiently.

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10
Q

The human digestive system

What is the role of the large intestine?

A

Absorbs water from undigested food, producing faeces.

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11
Q

The human digestive system

What is the role of enzymes?

A

Act as biological catalysts which speed up the rate of reactions without being used up.

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12
Q

The human digestive system

How does the shape of an enzyme affect its function?

A

Enzymes have a specific active site which is complementary to their substrate.

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13
Q

The human digestive system

What is the lock and key hypothesis of enzyme function?

A

The shape of the enzyme active site and the substrate are complementary, so can bind together to form an enzyme substrate complex

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14
Q

The human digestive system

How does temperature affect anzyme action?

A

Up to a certain, increasing temperature increases the enzyme action, as molecules have a higher kinetic energy. Above a certain temperature, the shape of the active site is altered and the enzyme becomes denatured, so it can no longer catalyse the reaction. The optimum temperature is around 37.

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15
Q

The human digestive system

How does pH affect enzyme function?

A

The optimum pH for most enzymes is 7. If the pH is too extreme, the shape of the active site may be altered and the enzyme may no longer work.

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16
Q

The human digestive system

Where are carbohydrase, lipase and protease produced in the body?

A
  • Carbohydrase - salivary glands, pacreas and small intestine
  • Protease - stomach, pacreas and small intestine
  • Lipase - pacreas and small intestine
17
Q
A