Organisation Flashcards
Put these things in order of smallest to largest: organism, organ system, cell, tissue, organ.
cell, tissue, organ, organ system,organism
What is the test for starch and what colour does it turn if it is positive or negative
iodine
positive: black, blue
negative: orange, brown
What is the test for sugar and what colour does it turn if it is positive or negative
benedict’s solution
positive: brick red
negative: blue(no change)
What is the test for protein and what colour does it turn if it is positive or negative
biuret a and b
positive: purple
negative: blue(no change)
What is the test for lipids and what colour does it turn if it is positive or negative
emulsion
positive: cloudy white
negative: clear
what is a catalyst?
a substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction
where is bile produced
liver
where are enzymes containing amylase, protease and lipase produced
pancreas, small intestine
what enzyme does saliva contain
amylase
what does the large intestine digest
food
in the stomach, what is protein digested into by protease
amino acids
where is food digested and nutrients absorbed
small intestine
where is water absorbed from undigested food
large intestine
what are enzymes made out of
protein
what happens to the shape of an enzyme once it becomes denatured and what does it mean for the substrate
it changes shape meaning the substrate cant fit and no reaction happens
what is produced when amylase breaks down starch
sugar
what does lipase break down lipids into
fatty acids, glycerol
what is the optimum temp for enzymes
37.4 degrees
what is the optimum ph for protease
2
what is the optimum ph for amylase
7
what is the optimum ph for lipase
8
what substance would break a large lipid droplet into small droplets
bile
where is bile stored
gallbladder
what organ is bile excreted into
small intestine
what is the function of bile
to neutralise stomach acid
why does bile break down large lipid droplets into smaller ones
so lipase can break the fat down
where does gas exchange occur
lungs(alveoli)
a large surface area of alveoli increase the rate of ____.
diffusion
what is the formula for bpm
bpm=number of breaths/minutes
what is diffusion
the movement of particles from a high conc to a low conc
put these words in order for the pathway of air to the blood: trachea, bronchus, bronchial, blood, alveoli, mouth
mouth, trachea, bronchus, bronchial, alveoli, blood
what is a risk factor for lung disease
smoking, soot, air pollution
what does lung disease result in(3)
less oxygen, respiration and energy released
which way does blood flow in the veINs compared to arterys
veins-into the heart
artery- away from heart
which side of the heart is deoxygenated blood pumped from
right
which side of the heart is oxygenated blood pumped from
left
what is the bottom part of the heart called
ventricles
what is the top part of the heart called
atriums
what artery pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
pulmonary
what vein pumps oxygenated blood to the lungs
Pulmonary
which vein pumps deoxygenated blood to the body
vena cava
which artery pumps oxygenated blood to the body
aorta
what do the coronary arteries supply the body with for respiration
glucose
what is the function of a capillary
to pump blood to every cell in the body
what is the thickest out of: artery capillary and vein
artery
what has the biggest lumen size out of: artery capillary and vein
vein
how thick is a capillary
one cell thick
what 4 things is the blood made out of
platelets , rbcs, wbcs, plasma
what is the function of platelets
to help the blood clot at a wound
what is the function of plasma
to carry co2 from organs to lungs
what makes up the majority of the blood
plasma
what do statins do
lower cholestrol
what are statins
a pill
what does a stent do
opens up your arteries
what is a stent
a wire mesh you put in your blocked arteries
what is a risk factor
increase in the chance of developing a non communicable disease in your life.
what are a plants 5 organs
roots, leaves, stems, flowers, fruits
how is the upper epidermal tissue of the stomata adapted to let light through it
it is transparent
how is the palisade mesophyll in the stomata adapted to get the most light
lots of chloroplasts at the top of the leaf
what are benign tumours?
Benign tumours are growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area, usually within a membrane. They do not invade other parts of the body.
what are non benign tumours?
Malignant tumour cells are cancers. They invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they form secondary tumours.
