Homeostasis and Respone Flashcards
What is the:
Stimulus
Receptor
Response
For fireworks?
Sound
Ears
Fingers on ears
What are the 5 sense organs and their stimulus.(One organ has 2 stimuluses)
Eyes- Light
Tongue- Chemicals
Nose-Chemicals
Skin-Pressure
Ears-Sound
Ears-Change in position
What 2 senses do ears have
- hearing
2.balance
What is a stimulus
Change in an environment
What is a receptor
The part of the body detecting what has happened
what is a response
what you do
what does a nerve cell(neurone) carry?
Electrical impulses
nerve impulse pathway:
put these words in order:
effector
sensory nerve
motor neurone
receptor
stimulus
response
cns
- stimulus
2.receptor
3.sensory neurone
4.cns - motor neurone
6.effector
7.response
give an example of a receptor
eyes
give an example of a effector
muscles contracting
where is the cns located
brain
what is a synapse
a junction/gap between 2 neurones
what happens at a synapse
(3 steps)
chemicals (neurotransmitters) are released.
they then diffuse.
they fit receptor sites and start an electrical impulse to the next neurone
what is a reflex action
automatic reaction that doesn’t involve the brain
how many and what neurones are involved in reflex action
- sensory.
motor.
relay
put these neurones in order in reflex action:
sensory, motor, relay
sensory>relay>motor
why is reflex action so fast (2 reasons)
only 3 neurones
less synapses
what is the reflex pathway?
same as nerve impulse except for relay neurone instead of cns
what is homeostasis
maintaining internal body conditions for optimal cell activity
what happens when the body is to hot (3)
erector muscles relax
sweat
enzymes denature
what happens when the body is to cold (2)
less heat energy
erector muscles contract
how does the body regulate water
adh is sent from hypothalamus to kidneys and this controls how much water is absorbed in the blood
how does the body regulate ions
kidneys release or absorb ions to keep them at the correct level
how does the body regulate temp
sweat
shiver
how does the body regulate blood sugar if high
insulin converts glucose into glycogen,
give 3 differences between hormones and nerves
hormones:
chemical messages
travel in blood
slow
longer lasting
nerves:
electrical impulses
travel along neurones
quick
short lived
what is the endocrine system
where hormones are released by glands to target organs to bring about its desired effect
name the 6 glands and the hormone they control
pituitary-growth
thyroid-thyroxin
pancreas-insulin
adrenal-adrenaline
ovary-oestrogen + progesterone
testicles-testosterone
what does thyroxin do
controls metabolism
what does insulin control
glucose
what does adrenalin do
fight or flight hormone
what does oestrogen +progesterone do
controls menstrual cycle
what does test do
controls sperm and puberty
what does eating do to your blood sugar
increases it
what is released once your blood sugar increases
Insulin
where does insulin head to when blood sugar is to high and what happens?
liver. Which tells it to take in glucose
what does your pancreas do when glucose is low
releases glycogen.
what does glycogen break down into
glucose
where is glycogen broken into glucose
liver
what is neutralised when glycogen is broken down into glucose
Blood sugar
what are the differences between type 1 and 2 diabeties (2)
type1:
pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin
usually inherited from parent
controlled by insulin injections,
type2:
pancreas makes insulin however body doesn’t respond to it
likely if obese
how is diabeties controlled
low sugar diet and exercise
what happens to glucose when you have diabeties
the levels in your blood are high
what 2 hormones are produced in the pituitary gland
FSH, LH
function of fsh (2)
causes egg to mature in ovary
stimulates oestrogen production
function of oestrogen (2)
causes uterus lining to grow
stimulates release of LH
function of LH (1)
stimulates release of an egg
what day is the egg released
14
function of progesterone (1)
maintain uterus lining during second half of cycle
what happens when progesterone is low
uterus lining breaks down
put these in order.
Oestrogen , FSH, LH, progesterone
FOLP
when is ovulation
day 14
how long does a period last
3-5 days
give 2 examples of hormonal contraception
pill
implants
give 4 examples of non hormonal contraception
condoms
diaphragm
sterilisation
natural
what is the intrauterine method
inserting a small structure into the uterus
how does an implant work
slowly releases progesterone , stopping an egg maturing
how might a female become infertile
hormone problems
problems with uterus lining
blocked fallopian tubes
ovaries not releasing eggs
how might a male become infertile
poor sperm quality
hormone problems
low sperm count
blocked/ damaged tubes
what are the cons of IVF
emotionally and physically stressful
expensive
a risk to mothers life
can lead to multiple births
where does ivf happen
petri dish
what are the first 4 stages of IVF
- mother given FSH+ LH
2.egg placed in dish - semen collected
- egg and sperm mixed
what are the last 2 stages of IVF
- eggs checked for fertilisation and allowed to develop into embryos
- one or two embryos placed in uterus
How does the body regulate blood sugar if low
Release insulin
