Organisation Flashcards
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with a similar structure and function.
What is an organ?
A group of tissues working together for a specific function.
What happens during digestion?
Large food molecules are broken down into small molecules by enzymes. The small molecules can then be absorbed into the bloodstream.
What is the order of digestion?
mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
Function of salivary glands?
Produce amylase enzymes to start digestion.
Function of stomach?
Produce protease enzymes to digest food.
Function of liver?
Produce bile to neutralise hydrochloric acid in the stomach and emulsify fats.
Function of pancreas?
Produce digestive enzymes.
Function of small intestine?
Where digested, small, soluble, molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream.
Function of the large intestine?
Water from undigested food is absorbed.
Facts about protease.
Breaks down protein, into amino acids. This is made in the pancreas and stomach.
Facts about lipase
Breaks down fat molecules, into fatty acids and glycerol. This is made in the pancreas
Facts about amylase
Breaks down starch into sugars. Thus is made in the pancreas and salivary glands.
Where is bile made and stored?
Made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body or a cell.
How is glucose used in plants?
- Cellulose to strengthen plant cell wall.
- Starch as a storage of glucose.
- Reacted with nitrate ions to form amino acids used for protein synthesis.
What happens to the body during exercise?
The body needs a great deal of energy for muscle contraction, and aerobic respiration increases.
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to deal with the accumulated lactic acid.
What does vena cava bring in?
Deoxygenated blood from the body.
Where does blood pass from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery.
Where does oxygenated blood pass from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary vein.
Where does oxygenated blood pass from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary vein.
What are adaptations of arteries?
Thick muscular walls to withstand high pressure of the blood. Elastic fibres to stretch when a sirge of blood passes through and then recoil in between surges.
Adaptations of capillaries?
Thin walls so diffusion path is short,.
Adaptations of veins?
Thin walls, the blood pressure is low so walls don’t need to be thick. Valves to stop blood flowing backwards.
What is the job of blood plasma?
To transport soluble digestion products from small intestine, carbon dioxide from the organs to the lungs, and waste product urea from liver to the kidney.
Adaptations of red blood cells?
Contain haemoglobin, no nucleus meaning more room for haemoglobin, and a biconcave disc for larger surface are so oxygen diffuses rapidly.
Adaptations of white blood cells?
Contain a nucleus that has the DNA which encodes the instructions that the white blood cells need to do their job.
