Organisation

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

A group of cells with a similar structure and function.

Question 2

What is an organ?

Answer 2

A group of tissues working together for a specific function.

Question 3

What happens during digestion?

Answer 3

Large food molecules are broken down into small molecules by enzymes. The small molecules can then be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 4

What is the order of digestion?

Answer 4

mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 5

Function of salivary glands?

Answer 5

Produce amylase enzymes to start digestion.

Question 6

Function of stomach?

Answer 6

Produce protease enzymes to digest food.

Question 7

Function of liver?

Answer 7

Produce bile to neutralise hydrochloric acid in the stomach and emulsify fats.

Question 8

Function of pancreas?

Answer 8

Produce digestive enzymes.

Question 9

Function of small intestine?

Answer 9

Where digested, small, soluble, molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 10

Function of the large intestine?

Answer 10

Water from undigested food is absorbed.

Question 11

Facts about protease.

Answer 11

Breaks down protein, into amino acids. This is made in the pancreas and stomach.

Question 12

Facts about lipase

Answer 12

Breaks down fat molecules, into fatty acids and glycerol. This is made in the pancreas

Question 13

Facts about amylase

Answer 13

Breaks down starch into sugars. Thus is made in the pancreas and salivary glands.

Question 14

Where is bile made and stored?

Answer 14

Made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

Question 15

What is metabolism?

Answer 15

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body or a cell.

Question 16

How is glucose used in plants?

Answer 16

1. Cellulose to strengthen plant cell wall.
2. Starch as a storage of glucose.
3. Reacted with nitrate ions to form amino acids used for protein synthesis.

Question 17

What happens to the body during exercise?

Answer 17

The body needs a great deal of energy for muscle contraction, and aerobic respiration increases.

Question 18

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 18

The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to deal with the accumulated lactic acid.

Question 19

What does vena cava bring in?

Answer 19

Deoxygenated blood from the body.

Question 20

Where does blood pass from the heart to the lungs?

Answer 20

Pulmonary artery.

Question 21

Where does oxygenated blood pass from the lungs to the heart?

Answer 21

Pulmonary vein.

Question 22

Where does oxygenated blood pass from the lungs to the heart?

Answer 22

Pulmonary vein.

Question 23

What are adaptations of arteries?

Answer 23

Thick muscular walls to withstand high pressure of the blood. Elastic fibres to stretch when a sirge of blood passes through and then recoil in between surges.

Question 24

Adaptations of capillaries?

Answer 24

Thin walls so diffusion path is short,.

Question 25

Adaptations of veins?

Answer 25

Thin walls, the blood pressure is low so walls don’t need to be thick. Valves to stop blood flowing backwards.

Question 26

What is the job of blood plasma?

Answer 26

To transport soluble digestion products from small intestine, carbon dioxide from the organs to the lungs, and waste product urea from liver to the kidney.

Question 27

Adaptations of red blood cells?

Answer 27

Contain haemoglobin, no nucleus meaning more room for haemoglobin, and a biconcave disc for larger surface are so oxygen diffuses rapidly.

Question 28

Adaptations of white blood cells?

Answer 28

Contain a nucleus that has the DNA which encodes the instructions that the white blood cells need to do their job.