Organisation Flashcards
addiction
A need to keep taking a drug in order to feel normal.
alcoholic
A person who is addicted to alcohol.
Alveoli
Small air sacs found at the end of each bronchiole where gas exchange takes place with the blood.
anus
Muscular ring through which faeces pass out of the body.
Asthma
A lung disorder in which inflammation (swelling) causes the bronchi to swell and narrow the airways, creating breathing difficulties.
Balanced diet
Eating food containing the right nutrients in the correct amounts.
Bile
Substance that breaks fat into droplets.
Breathing
The movement of air in and out of the lungs.
bronchiole
Small tube in the lung.
bronchus
One of two tubes which carry air into the lungs.
carbohydrase/ amylase
Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates like starch into sugar molecules.
Carbohydrate
Nutrient that supplies the body’s main source of energy. There are two types: simple (sugars) and complex (starch).
catalyst
Substances that speed up chemical reactions but are unchanged at the end.
condense
The change of state from gas to liquid.
contract
To get shorter or smaller.
deficiency
A lack of minerals that causes poor growth.
depressant
A drug that slows down the body’s reactions by slowing down the nervous system.
diaphragm
A sheet of muscle found underneath the lungs which is used in breathing.
dietary fibre
Parts of plants that cannot be digested. It helps the body to eliminate waste by providing bulk to keep food moving through the digestive system.
digestion
Process in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules.
digestive system
Group of organs that work together to break down food.
drug
Chemical substance that affects the way your body works.
enzyme
Substances that speed up the chemical reactions of digestion resulting in large molecules being broken into small molecules.
ethanol
The drug found in alcoholic drinks.
exhale
Breathing out, to remove carbon dioxide.
food test
Chemical test to detect the presence of particular nutrients in a food.
gas exchange
The transfer of gases between an organism and its environment.
gut bacteria
Microorganisms that naturally live in the intestine and help food break down.
hypothesis
An explanation you can test which includes a reason and a ‘science idea’.
inhale
Breathing in, to take in oxygen.
large intestine
Lower part of the intestine from which water is absorbed and where faeces (solid waste of undigested food) are formed.
lipase
Enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.
lipid
Nutrient that provides a store of energy and insulate the body. Found in butter, milk, eggs, nuts.
lungs
The organ in which gas exchange takes place.
lung volume
Measure of the amount of air breathed in or out.
malnourishment
Eating the wrong amount or wrong types of food.
medicinal drug
Drug that has a medical benefit to your health.
mineral (biology)
Essential nutrient needed in small amounts to keep you healthy.
nutrient
Essential substance that your body needs to survive, provided by food.
Obese
Extremely overweight
passive smoking
Breathing in other people’s smoke.
protease
Enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids.
protein
Nutrient your body uses to build new tissue for growth and repair. Sources are meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, beans, nuts, and seeds.
recreational drug
Drug that is taken for enjoyment.
rectum
Faeces are stored here, before being passed out of the body.
respiration
The process that transfers energy in plants and animals. In respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen to make carbon dioxide from water.
respiratory system
Organ system which replaces oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the blood.
ribs
Bones which surround the lungs to form the ribcage and protect the lungs.
small intestine
Upper part of the intestine where digestion is completed and nutrients are absorbed by the blood.
starvation
Extreme case of not eating enough food.
stimulant
A drug that speeds up the body’s reactions by speeding up the nervous system.
stomach
Organ where food is mixed with acidic juices to start the digestion of protein and kill microorganisms.
trachea
Tube which carries air from the mouth and nose to the lungs.
unit of alcohol
10 ml of pure alcohol.
villi
Tiny projections in the small intestine wall that increase the area for absorption.
vitamin
Essential nutrients needed in small amounts to keep you healthy.
withdrawal symptoms
Unpleasant symptom a person with a drug addiction suffers from when they stop taking the drug.
