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Biology Paper 1 > Organisation > Flashcards

Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are cells?

A

The building blocks of all living organisms.

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2
Q

What are tissues?

A

Tissues are groups of similar cells that act together to perform a function.

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3
Q

What is the function of muscular tissue?

A

To contract to bring about force and motion.

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4
Q

What are organs?

A

Organs are groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

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5
Q

What are organ systems?

A

Organ systems are groups of organs that work together to perform a particular role.

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6
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Absorbs water from undigested food.

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7
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Digests food and absorbs soluble food molecules.

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8
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

To digest food.

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9
Q

What is the function of glandular tissue in the stomach?

A

To produce enzymes to help with digestion.

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10
Q

What is the function of mesophyll?

A

To perform photosynthesis.

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11
Q

What is an organism?

A

Highest level of organisation - consists of several organ systems.

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12
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts.

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13
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Increase speed of reactions.

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14
Q

What are the 2 factors that affect enzyme action?

A

pH

Temperature

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15
Q

What is the role of digestive enzymes?

A

To catalyse the breakdown of insoluble food molecules into small and soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.

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16
Q

What are the 3 main digestive enzymes?

A

Amylase

Protease

Lipase

17
Q

What does amylase break down and where is it produced?

A

Breaks down starch into sugars

Produced in:
Small intestine
Pancreas
Salivary glands

18
Q

What does protease break down and where is it produced?

A

Breaks down protein into amino acids

Produced in:
Small intestines
Pancreas
Stomach

19
Q

What does lipase break down and where is it produced?

A

Breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Produced in:
Small intestine
Pancreas

20
Q

What is bile, where is it produced and where is it stored?

A

Bile is an alkaline substance

It is produced in the liver

It is stored in the gall bladder

21
Q

What is emulsification?

A

Bile breaking down fats into tiny droplets.

22
Q

What is the test for protein?

A

Add biuret solution, will turn purple if proteins are present.

23
Q

What is the test for sugar?

A

Add Benedict’s reagent - heat. Will turn green, yellow or red if there is sugar.

24
Q

What is the test for starch?

A

Add iodine - will turn blue - black if there is starch.

25
Q

What are 3 blood vessels?

A

Capillaries

Veins

Arteries

26
Q

What are 2 features of arteries?

A

Elastic fibres - allows walls to stretch and spring back.

Thick muscle walls - able to cope with high pressure.

27
Q

Where do arteries transport blood from and what do they carry?

A

Arteries transport blood away from the heart to the organs.

They carry oxygenated blood.

28
Q

What is one feature of capillaries and why?

A

They have thin walls - this is for efficient exchange.

Waste products move out of cells into blood
Food and oxygen moves from the blood into the cells.

29
Q

Where do veins transport blood and what do they carry?

A

They transport deoxygenated blood from the organs to the heart.

30
Q

How do veins form?

A

Veins form when capillaries join up after passing through the body.

31
Q

What are 3 features of veins?

A

Thinner walls - blood is at a lower pressure

Wider cross section - low blood pressure = difficult blood flow. This counteracts that.

Valves - prevents backflow of blood.

32
Q

What is a pacemaker and where is it located?

A

A pacemaker is a group of cells that controls heartbeat.

Located in right atrium.

33
Q

Where does the blood enter the heart?

A

Blood enters the heart through the atria.

34
Q

What is the vena cava and what does it do?

A

It is a vein and its how the heart receives deoxygenated blood.

34
Q

What is the vena cava and what does it do?

A

It is a vein and its how the heart receives deoxygenated blood.

Biology Paper 1 (4 decks)

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