Organisation Flashcards
What are cells?
The building blocks of all living organisms.
What are tissues?
Tissues are groups of similar cells that act together to perform a function.
What is the function of muscular tissue?
To contract to bring about force and motion.
What are organs?
Organs are groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
What are organ systems?
Organ systems are groups of organs that work together to perform a particular role.
What is the function of the large intestine?
Absorbs water from undigested food.
What is the function of the small intestine?
Digests food and absorbs soluble food molecules.
What is the function of the stomach?
To digest food.
What is the function of glandular tissue in the stomach?
To produce enzymes to help with digestion.
What is the function of mesophyll?
To perform photosynthesis.
What is an organism?
Highest level of organisation - consists of several organ systems.
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts.
What do enzymes do?
Increase speed of reactions.
What are the 2 factors that affect enzyme action?
pH
Temperature
What is the role of digestive enzymes?
To catalyse the breakdown of insoluble food molecules into small and soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.
What are the 3 main digestive enzymes?
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
What does amylase break down and where is it produced?
Breaks down starch into sugars
Produced in:
Small intestine
Pancreas
Salivary glands
What does protease break down and where is it produced?
Breaks down protein into amino acids
Produced in:
Small intestines
Pancreas
Stomach
What does lipase break down and where is it produced?
Breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
Produced in:
Small intestine
Pancreas
What is bile, where is it produced and where is it stored?
Bile is an alkaline substance
It is produced in the liver
It is stored in the gall bladder
What is emulsification?
Bile breaking down fats into tiny droplets.
What is the test for protein?
Add biuret solution, will turn purple if proteins are present.
What is the test for sugar?
Add Benedict’s reagent - heat. Will turn green, yellow or red if there is sugar.
What is the test for starch?
Add iodine - will turn blue - black if there is starch.
What are 3 blood vessels?
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries
What are 2 features of arteries?
Elastic fibres - allows walls to stretch and spring back.
Thick muscle walls - able to cope with high pressure.
Where do arteries transport blood from and what do they carry?
Arteries transport blood away from the heart to the organs.
They carry oxygenated blood.
What is one feature of capillaries and why?
They have thin walls - this is for efficient exchange.
Waste products move out of cells into blood
Food and oxygen moves from the blood into the cells.
Where do veins transport blood and what do they carry?
They transport deoxygenated blood from the organs to the heart.
How do veins form?
Veins form when capillaries join up after passing through the body.
What are 3 features of veins?
Thinner walls - blood is at a lower pressure
Wider cross section - low blood pressure = difficult blood flow. This counteracts that.
Valves - prevents backflow of blood.
What is a pacemaker and where is it located?
A pacemaker is a group of cells that controls heartbeat.
Located in right atrium.
Where does the blood enter the heart?
Blood enters the heart through the atria.
What is the vena cava and what does it do?
It is a vein and its how the heart receives deoxygenated blood.
What is the vena cava and what does it do?
It is a vein and its how the heart receives deoxygenated blood.
