Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is photosynthesis?
The process in which plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and sugar.
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplasts
Is photosynthesis exothermic or endothermic and why?
Endothermic - requires energy.
What are the 4 factors that affect rate of photosynthesis?
Light Intensity
Temperature
Chlorophyll concentration
Carbon dioxide concentration
What are 4 products glucose can be converted into?
Protein
Fats/oils
Cellulose
Starch
What is respiration?
Exothermic reaction that supplies energy needed by living organisms.
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide
What is anaerobic respiration called in yeast cells?
Fermentation
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in mammals?
Glucose –> lactic acid
When does anaerobic respiration happen in mammals?
When not enough oxygen reaches the muscles during intense exercise/activity
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C6.H12.O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2. + 6H20.
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is all the chemical processes that happen in an organism.
What are the 4 metabolic reactions?
Breaking down excess proteins to form urea
Converting glucose
Making lipids
Making amino acids
What are the 4 main responses to increase rate of respiration?
Increase in breath volume
Increased heart rate
Increased breathing rate
Blood vessel dilation
What is lactic acid?
By-product of anaerobic respiration - toxic and can build up in muscles. Causes pain and fatigue.
What is oxygen debt?
Extra oxygen required after exercise to oxidise lactic acid.
If CO2 concentration, light levels and temperature are all at optimum values, what is the limiting factor of photosynthesis and why?
Concentration of mineral ions - chlorophyll absorbs light energy and production of it requires mineral ions.
What molecules join together to produce starch?
Glucose
