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Biology revision > Organisation > Flashcards

Organisation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

tissues are …

A

a group of similar cells working together

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2
Q

Organs are …

A

a group of different tissues working together

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3
Q

Organ systems are …

A

a group of different organs working together

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4
Q

The digestive system is an example of a … …

A

organ system

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5
Q

Enzymes are … …

A

Biological, catalysts

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6
Q

Enzymes are specialised …

A

Proteins

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7
Q

Enzyme function can be described as the … and … model

A

Lock and Key model

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8
Q

The … binds to the active site

A

substrate

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9
Q

An enzyme denatures when …

A

the active site changes shape and the substrate can no
longer bind to the enzyme.

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10
Q

what denatures enzymes?

A

Incorrect temperatures and incorrect Ph

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11
Q

Carbohydrase enzymes break down … into simple …

A

Carbohydrates, sugars

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12
Q

Amylase is a type of …

A

Carbohydrase

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13
Q

Amylase breaks down … into …

A

Starch, sugar

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14
Q

Lipase enzymes breaks down … into … acid and …

A

fat, fatty acids, Carbohydrase

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15
Q

Protease enzymes breaks … into … …

A

Protein, amino acids

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16
Q

bile is made in the … and stored in the … bladder

A

Liver, gall

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17
Q

Bile … the substances from the … and helps to … fats.

A

neutralises, stomach, emulsify

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18
Q

Different chemicals test for different nutrient groups:
Iodine

Benedicts

Biuret reagent

Ethanol

A

Iodine tests for starch – pale yellow to blue/black

Benedicts tests for sugar – blue to brick red

Biuret reagent tests for protein – blue to purple

Ethanol tests for fats – clear to cloudy

19
Q

The circulatory system is made of:

A

arteries, veins, capillaries and the heart.

20
Q

Arteries are specialised with …

A

thick elastic walls and a small lumen.

21
Q

Capillary walls are only one cell thick…

A

so there is a short distance for diffusion.

22
Q

Veins have …, thinner and less elastic walls and a larger …

A

valves, lumen

23
Q

The main structure of the heart includes the:

A

aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, valves, atria and ventricles.

24
Q

Heart rate is controlled by…

A

a group of cells that act as a pacemaker.

25
Q

The pacemaker cells are located…

A

in the right atrium.

26
Q

Blood contains:

red blood cells

white blood cells

platelets

plasma

What is their individual task?

A

Red blood cells carry oxygen.

White blood cells destroy pathogens.

Platelets clot the blood.

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood.

27
Q

In coronary heart disease layers of fatty material build up blocking the coronary arteries,
narrowing them. This reduces … resulting in a lack of … for the heart so less …

A

blood flow, oxygen, respiration

28
Q

… keep … arteries open.

A

stents, coronary

29
Q

Statins reduce blood cholesterol level by…

A

slowing down the rate of fatty material deposit.

30
Q

Heart valves may become …

A

faulty.

31
Q

Faulty heart valves can be replaced by…

A

using biological or mechanical valves.

32
Q

Health is the state of…

A

physical and mental wellbeing.

33
Q

Diet, stress, life situations can have an effect on …

A

both physical and mental health.

34
Q

Non communicable diseases cannot be transmitted and are not caused by …

A

pathogens, eg
diabetes, heart disease, cancer.

35
Q

Risk factors linked to an increased chance of getting a disease are:

A

Obesity as a risk factor for type 2 diabeties

Effect of smoking on lung disease and lung cancer

Effects of diet, smoking and exercise on cardiovascular disease

Carcinogens as risk factors for cancer.

36
Q

Cancer is caused by

A

mutation in cell leading them to uncontrollably grow and divide

37
Q

Benign tumours are surrounded by a … so they … …

A

membrane, cannot, spread

38
Q

Malignant tumour cells are … and can …

A

cancerous, spread

39
Q

Plant tissues in a leaf include:

A

epidermal tissues, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll,
xylem and phloem and stomata surrounded by guard cells.

40
Q

Stomata and guard cells in the leaf control …

A

gas exchange and water loss.

41
Q

Phloem transports dissolved … … and … a plant

A

sugars, up and down

42
Q

Movement of food molecules through phloem tissue is called

A

translocation.

43
Q

Xylem transports … and … ions from … to leaves.

A

water and mineral ions from roots to leaves.

44
Q

… is the loss of water at the leaves by evaporation.

A

Transpiration

Biology revision (5 decks)

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