Organisation Flashcards
Define a cell
A cell is the smallest unit of life. The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
Define a tissue
A group of specialised cells that work together to do a job
What are the three types of tissue
Muscular
Glandular
Epithedrial
What is the function of muscular tissue
Contracts to bring about movement
Lots of mitochondria
What is the function of glandular tissue
Releases hormones and enzymes
What is the function of epithedrial tissue
Covers and protects cells and organs
Define an organ
A structure within an organism made up of different types of tissue that carries out a particular function
Examples of organs
Liver Heart Lungs Appendix Stomach
Define an organ system
A group of organs working together to preform a particular function
Examples of organ systems
Digestive
Respiratory
Circulatory
Define an enzyme
A biological catalyst
They are proteins
Speed up chemical reactions
In what part of the cell are enzymes made
They are made in the ribosomes
What chemical reactions do they speed up
Respiration
Digestion
Photosynthesis
What is the lock and key theory
The active site MUST be COMPLEMENTARY to a substrate
Unless it fits it won’t work
What is a rate of a reaction
The rate of reactions is the speed at which a chemical reaction happens
How do you measure the rate of a reaction
The rate of a reactant is used up
OR
the rate of which a product is formed
What is the equation for the rate of a reaction
Difference/Time
Define digestion
The breakdown of large food molecules into smaller water soluble molecules
What do digestive enzymes do
Helps break down food
Where are digestive enzymes released
Through the glands
Secreted on the food travelling through the digestive system
What are the 3 main digestive enzymes
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
Where is amylase produced
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Define substrate
The substance which an enzyme acts on
What does amylase break down
Starch
What does broken down starch turn into
Glucose
What is a use for broken down starch going into glucose
Used for respiration
Where is protease produced
Stomach
Pancreas
Small Intestine
What does protease break down
Protein
What does broken down protein turn into
Amino Acids
What is a use for broken down protein to turn into amino acids
Growth and repair
Where is lipase produced
Pancreas
Small Intestine
What does lipase break down
Fats
What does broken down fats turn into
Fatty acids
Glysorol
What are used fir broken down fats to turn into glycerol
New healthier fats for the cell membrane
What is a carbohydrase
Breaks down carbs into sugar
What is an example of a carbohydrase
Amylase
What factors affect enzymes
pH
Temperature
What does a low temperature do to a enzyme
Particles lack kinetic energy
Move slower
What happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too hot
The active site denatures
