Organics Term 1

Question 1

What is an Aliphatic Hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

Carbon atoms joined together in a straight chain

Question 2

What is an Alicyclic Hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

Carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure

Question 3

What is an Aromatic Hydrocarbon?

Answer 3

Contains at least one Benzene Ring in the structure (ring of C6H6)

Question 4

What is a Position / structural Isomer?

Answer 4

A molecule with the same molecular formula, but a different structural formula as a a certain organic molecule.

Question 5

What is a functional group isomer?

Answer 5

Different functional group to a certain organic molecule - different chem. properties, different physical properties.

Question 6

What is the functional group of alcohols?

Answer 6

OH

suffix = -ol

Question 7

What is the functional group of aldehydes?

Answer 7

C double bond 0
¦
H
suffix = -al

Question 8

What is the functional group of ketones?

Answer 8

-c-
¦¦
o
suffix = -one

Question 9

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

Answer 9

COOH

suffix = -oic aid

Question 10

What is heterolytic fission?

Answer 10

bond breaks unevenly - one of bonded atoms recieves both electrons- creates charged positive cation and negative anion.

Question 11

What is homolytic fission?

Answer 11

Bond breaks evenly - each atom recieves one electon from the bonded pair - creates two uncharged Free Radicals

Question 12

What is a Free Radical?

Answer 12

when an atom has a single unpaired electron, making it highly aggressive and highly reactive.

Question 13

What is initiation?

Answer 13

When free radicals are produced

Question 14

What is propagation?

Answer 14

When free radicals are used up and created in a chain reaction

Question 15

What is termination?

Answer 15

When free radicals react with each other, making a stable molecule.

Question 16

What does UV light do in a reaction involving free radicals?

Answer 16

UV light splits apart diatomic molecules homolytically, creating free radicals, and beginning the initiation phase.

Question 17

What are intermolecular london forces?

Answer 17

the weakest type of intermolecular attraction - aka induced dipole-dipole interactions.

Question 18

What is a homologous series?

Answer 18

a family of organic compounds that have the same functional group, similar chemical properties, but differ by CH2 successively.

Question 19

True or False - Branched chain hydrocarbons have a much higher boiling point than straight chain hydrocarbons.

Answer 19

False - The more branched a compound is, the fewer surface area interactions there are between molecules, resulting in a lower boiling point overall.

Question 20

What is the shape of Methane, and why?

Answer 20

Tetrahedral shape, due to the four SP3 bonds between the hydrogen atoms and the carbon atom repelling each other.

Question 21

What is an example of a sigma (σ) bond?

Answer 21

C-H, or H-H

Question 22

How are reaction mechanisms shown?

Answer 22

Curly arrows

Question 23

What is the difference between a full arrow and a fish-hook arrow?

Answer 23

A full arrow shows the movement of an electron pair, whereas a fish-hook arrow shows the movement of a single electron in a reaction.

Question 24

What is the general equation for heterolytic fission?

Answer 24

X - Y -> X+ + Y-

Question 25

What is a geometric isomer?

Answer 25

Having two different groups attatched to a C double bond C

Question 26

What does Cis (Z) mean?

Answer 26

Having the higher priority groups both on one side of the double bond.

Question 27

What does Trans (E) mean?

Answer 27

Having the higher priority groups on opposite sides of the double bond.

Question 28

What is the greatest priority atom? (mass based)

Answer 28

Iodine

Question 29

What is the lowest priority atom? (mass based)

Answer 29

Hydrogen

Question 30

How is a sigma bond formed?

Answer 30

When the sp3 orbital in carbon overlaps with the 1s orbital of a hydrogen atom to form a sigma bond.

Question 31

What does electronegativity of an atom do?

Answer 31

The higher the electronegativity of an atom, the more likely it is to attract an electron - e.g. In a C-Cl molecule, Cl has a significantly higher electronegativity than C, meaning that electrons will be closer to the Cl, making C slightly positive and Cl slightly negative, making C-Cl a dipole.

Question 32

How is a temporary dipole formed?

Answer 32

When electrons are temporarily distributed unevenly in a molecule between 2 atoms due to and exterior electronegative force, making one side of the molecule more positive and the other side more negative.

Question 33

True or False: Alkanes can form temporary dipoles with other alkanes.

Answer 33

True - while Alkanes are considered non-polar, they can form temporary dipoles, allowing them to be attracted to other alkanes.