organics - intro

Question 1

what are organics

Answer 1

Molecules that contain carbon/hydrogen often oxygen often nitrogen
Often found in nature

Question 2

define hydrocarbon

Answer 2

Molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen only

Question 3

define saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 3

only have c-c single bonds

Question 4

define unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 4

have at least one c=c double bond

Question 5

give the properties of a functional group

Answer 5

• Group of compounds that undergo the
  same chemical reactions
  
  • There’s a trend in physical properties

Question 6

define functional group

Answer 6

specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for its characteristic chemical reactions

Question 7

give properties of a functional group

Answer 7

• Unique identifier
  
  • Often where chemical reactions happen
  • Molecules can have more than one functional group

Question 8

//

Answer 8

//

Question 9

define aliphatic

Answer 9

no benzene ring

Question 10

define aromatic

Answer 10

means there is at least one benzene ring

Question 11

define alicyclic

Answer 11

Sub category of aliphatic - circle of carbons somewhere that is not a benzene ring

Question 12

define empirical formula

Answer 12

Lowest whole number ratio of atoms in a formula

Question 13

define molecular formula

Answer 13

Actual number of atoms within a formula

Question 14

define displayed formula

Answer 14

diagram that Shows all the bonds

Question 15

define structural formula

Answer 15

Displayed formula + condensing - working left to right

Question 16

describe skeletal formula

Answer 16

Branches are shown in brackets
zig-zag lines

Question 17

give the beginning of names for the first 10 carbons in a straight chain

Answer 17

meth
eth
prop
but
pent
hex
hept
oct
non

Question 18

give the name for a branch with 1,2 and 3 carons

Answer 18

methyl
ethyl
propyl

Question 19

what order do you name compounds

Answer 19

alphabetical
carbon numbers with branches,
branches,
number of carbons

Question 20

define sigma bond

Answer 20

any single bond in a covalent bond

Question 21

define Pi bond

Answer 21

any second bond (in double/triple bond) in a covalent bond

Question 22

describe how Pi bonds are weaker than sigma bonds

Answer 22

• pi bonds need to find space
• available space above and below sigma bond
• electron density is spread out over a larger space
• therefore weaker bond

Question 23

define isomer

Answer 23

same molecular formula but have different 3D shape/geometry

Question 24

what are structural isomers

Answer 24

same molecular formula different displayed structures

Question 25

define chain isomers

Answer 25

same molecular formula, different chain (it will have branches)

Question 26

define position isomers

Answer 26

same functional group, different positions on the chain

Question 27

define functional group isomers

Answer 27

same molecular formula, different functional groups

Question 28

how to check for isomers

Answer 28

they have a unique name