moles Flashcards
equation for pressure x volume
PV = nRT
presure x volume = number of moles x gas constant x temperature
what is the limiting reagent
the species that has less moles than the theoretical moles worked out using the other species
what is the species in excess
the species makes more moles than the theoretical moles worked out using the other species
equation for percentage yield
mass of product made/max quantity I could make x 100
atom economy equation
mass of wanted products/mass of all products x 100
define mass for equations
mass of a substance in grams
define amount of a substance in an equation
number of particles in a substance (moles)
define mole in an equation
unit containing 6.02x10^23 elementary entities
define shielding
other electrons in inner subshells repel outer electrons which weakens attraction between outer electrons and nucleus
what is Avogadro’s number
6.022 x 10^23
define molar mass in an equation
links mass and moles
n=mxM
define formula mass in an equation
relative mass of a substance compared to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon - 12 atom
what is the Gay-Lussac law
all gases have the are volume if moles (particle number) are equal
what happens when mass increases but mass stays the same
volume will decrease
what is the equation for % uncertainty
no of measurements x equipment uncertainty/actual measurement x 100
what does a metal + acid make
salt and hydrogen
what does a metal + alkali make
salt + water
what does acid + base make
salt + water
what does acid + metal carbonate make
salt + water + CO2
define bases
H+ acceptors
define alkali
soluble base
H+ acceptors
define acids
H+ donors
how to find spectator ions
split positive and negative ions in equation
remove ions that don’t change charge
what kind of acid has a reversible equation
weak
