Organics I Flashcards

1
Q

What is an isomer?

A

molecules with the same molecular formula but with a different structure

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2
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

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3
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

an atom or group of atoms is added to a molecule without taking anything away

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4
Q

What is a combustion reaction?

A

a reaction with oxygen

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5
Q

What is crude oil?

A

mixture of hydrocarbons

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6
Q

What are crude oils split into?

A

fractions

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7
Q

What is the process of fractional distillation?

A

-crude oil is heated and vapours enter the column
-vapours rise until they reach their boiling point, when they condense
-different vapours condense at different heights due to their different boiling points
-similar vapours condense together as a fraction

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8
Q

What happens to fractions as the boiling point increases?

A

-they get darker
-they get more viscous (like treacle)

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9
Q

What is the order for the fractions going from lowest boiling point to highest?

A

-refinery gases
-gasoline
-kerosene
-diesel
-fuel oil
-bitumen

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10
Q

What are the uses for refinery gases?

A

Fuel for home cooking

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11
Q

What are the uses for gasoline?

A

Fuel for cars

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12
Q

What are the uses for kerosene?

A

Fuel for aircrafts

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13
Q

What are the uses for diesel?

A

Fuel for trains

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14
Q

What are the uses for fuel oil?

A

Fuel for ships

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15
Q

What are the uses for bitumen?

A

Making roads

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16
Q

What is a fuel?

A

a substance that when burned, releases heat energy (exothermic reaction)

17
Q

What does complete combustion produce?

A

carbon dioxide and water

18
Q

What does incomplete combustion produce?

A

possibly carbon monoxide, carbon (soot), carbon dioxide and water

19
Q

When does complete combustion take place?

A

when there is enough oxygen available

20
Q

When does incomplete combustion take place?

A

when there is NOT enough oxygen available

21
Q

What bonds do alkanes have?

A

carbon-carbon single bonds

22
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

23
Q

Are alkanes saturated molecules and if they are why?

A

yes because they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms

24
Q

What happens when alkanes react with bromine in UV presence?

A

a hydrogen atom in the alkane is replaced by a bromine atom (known as substitution)

25
Uses for halogenalkanes?
-solvent -refrigerants -propellants -pharmaceuticals
26
What type of bonds do alkenes contain?
carbon-carbon double bond
27
Are alkenes unsaturated and if they are why?
yes because they have carbon-carbon double bonds
28
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
29
What happens when alkenes react with bromine water without UV presence?
the double bond is broken and the bromine atoms are added (known as an addition reaction)
30
What is the colour change when alkenes react with bromine water (without UV presence)?
orange to colourless
31
What can bromine water be used for?
to distinguish between an alkane and alkene