Organics I

Question 1

What is an isomer?

Answer 1

molecules with the same molecular formula but with a different structure

Question 2

What is a substitution reaction?

Answer 2

an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

Question 3

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 3

an atom or group of atoms is added to a molecule without taking anything away

Question 4

What is a combustion reaction?

Answer 4

a reaction with oxygen

Question 5

What is crude oil?

Answer 5

mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 6

What are crude oils split into?

Answer 6

fractions

Question 7

What is the process of fractional distillation?

Answer 7

-crude oil is heated and vapours enter the column
-vapours rise until they reach their boiling point, when they condense
-different vapours condense at different heights due to their different boiling points
-similar vapours condense together as a fraction

Question 8

What happens to fractions as the boiling point increases?

Answer 8

-they get darker
-they get more viscous (like treacle)

Question 9

What is the order for the fractions going from lowest boiling point to highest?

Answer 9

-refinery gases
-gasoline
-kerosene
-diesel
-fuel oil
-bitumen

Question 10

What are the uses for refinery gases?

Answer 10

Fuel for home cooking

Question 11

What are the uses for gasoline?

Answer 11

Fuel for cars

Question 12

What are the uses for kerosene?

Answer 12

Fuel for aircrafts

Question 13

What are the uses for diesel?

Answer 13

Fuel for trains

Question 14

What are the uses for fuel oil?

Answer 14

Fuel for ships

Question 15

What are the uses for bitumen?

Answer 15

Making roads

Question 16

What is a fuel?

Answer 16

a substance that when burned, releases heat energy (exothermic reaction)

Question 17

What does complete combustion produce?

Answer 17

carbon dioxide and water

Question 18

What does incomplete combustion produce?

Answer 18

possibly carbon monoxide, carbon (soot), carbon dioxide and water

Question 19

When does complete combustion take place?

Answer 19

when there is enough oxygen available

Question 20

When does incomplete combustion take place?

Answer 20

when there is NOT enough oxygen available

Question 21

What bonds do alkanes have?

Answer 21

carbon-carbon single bonds

Question 22

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 22

CnH2n+2

Question 23

Are alkanes saturated molecules and if they are why?

Answer 23

yes because they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms

Question 24

What happens when alkanes react with bromine in UV presence?

Answer 24

a hydrogen atom in the alkane is replaced by a bromine atoms (known as substitution)

Question 25

Uses for halogenalkanes?

Answer 25

-solvent
-refrigerants
-propellants
-pharmaceuticals

Question 26

What type of bonds do alkenes contain?

Answer 26

carbon-carbon double bond

Question 27

Are alkenes unsaturated and if they are why?

Answer 27

yes because they have carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 28

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 28

CnH2n

Question 29

What happens when alkenes react with bromine water without UV presence?

Answer 29

the double bond is broken and the bromine atoms are added (known as an addition reaction)

Question 30

What is the colour change when alkenes react with bromine water (without UV presence)?

Answer 30

orange to colourless

Question 31

What can bromine water be used for?

Answer 31

to distinguish between an alkane and alkene