Organics: Apparatus Flashcards
What happens in Reflux?
Evaporated solution is condensed back into the mixture through coming in contact with the cool tube in the apparatus, which condenses the compound and thus allowing it to further react.
What are the advantages of setting up reflux?
- Increases rate of reaction because it is able to be heated.
- No loss of products/reactants because they are condensed back into the mixture.
- Increases the amount of products because reactants/products are prevented from escaping.
What is a separating funnel used for?
Separating compounds based on solubility. The more dense bottom layer can be run off (or less dense poured off).
What is distillation used for?
Separating (purifying) products from reactants. It uses different boiling points of compounds. . E.g. one compound has a lower boiling point than the other, so mixture will be boiled to that temp and one will evaporate and condense into the other test tube, therefore separating the compounds.
What is fractioning distillation?
Fractioning distillation is very similar to distillation, except it uses a fractioning column, which is full of plates or beads or something with a high surface area. When something evaporates it’ll hit the high surface area and condense back into the mixture where it is re-evaporated. Thus, only compounds with a very specific temp will make it out. This is a longer process than distillation but is much more accurate.
Describe the process of filtration.
Filtration paper in funnel over conical flask, the whole substance is poured into filtration paper, which may have a ppt. The liquid will go through the paper into the conical flask, where as the solid or ppt will remain in the filter paper.
