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Organics Flashcards

1
Q

Do alkanes or alkenes have a strong single bond?

A

Alkanes

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2
Q

What reaction can alkanes have?

A

Combustion and substitution

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3
Q

What reaction can alkenes have?

A

Additional

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4
Q

What do alkenes do to bromine water?

A

Quickly decolourises it from yellow to colourless (addition reaction)

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5
Q

What is an alkene?

A

Contains one double bond

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6
Q

What is the order of the names for alkenes and alkanes?

A

Meth, eth, prop, but, pent

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7
Q

Is making bonds and endothermic or an exothermic reaction?

A

Exothermic

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8
Q

Is breaking bonds and endothermic or an exothermic reaction?

A

Endothermic

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9
Q

How to you remember the order of names for organics?

A

Monkeys eat proper butter

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10
Q

What type of bonds do alkanes have?

A

Covalent, carbon and hydrogen single bonds only

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11
Q

What type of bonds do alkenes have?

A

One double bond between two carbons, the rest are single

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12
Q

Can alkenes and alkanes combust in oxygen?

A

Yes

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13
Q

How do you test for an alkane?

A

In bromine water, no colour change/reaction (stays yellow)

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14
Q

How do you test for an alkene?

A

Bromine water, turns from yellow to colourless

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15
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated

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16
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

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17
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chain molecule made from lots of smaller ones joined together

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18
Q

Can alkanes and/or alkenes combust in oxygen?

A

Yes

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19
Q

What is the test for alkanes and alkenes?

A

Add to bromine water
Stays yellow if an alkane
Turns colourless if an alkene

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20
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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21
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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22
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chained molecule made when lots of smaller ones are added together

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23
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A small reactive molecule that can joint together with other monomers

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24
Q

What are the two ways to are alcohols?

A

Fermentation
Hydration of ethene

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25
What resources does fermentation use?
Renewable - sugar beet or sugar cane (starchy materials)
26
What resources does hydration use?
Finite, non renewable
27
What type of process is fermentation?
Batch process - everything is mixed together then left for a few days
28
What type of process is hydration of ethene?
A continuous flow process - is more efficient
29
What is the rate of reaction of fermentation?
Slow - takes several days for each batch
30
What is the rate of reaction for hydration of ethene?
Quick
31
What quality of product does fermentation produce?
Very impure ethanol which requires purification
32
What is the quality of the product in the hydration of ethene?
Produces much purer ethanol
33
What reaction conditions does fermentation use?
Gentle temperatures and atmospheric pressures
34
What reaction conditions does hydration of ethene require?
High temperatures and pressures - uses lots of energy
35
Why is ethanol added to petrol?
To make it ‘greener’ It uses up CO2 and releases it so it is carbon neutral
36
How are carboxylic acids formed?
Oxidation of alcohol
37
What is the catalyst in the formation of carboxylic acids?
Potassium dichromate
38
What colour does a carboxylic acid turn with potassium dichromate solution?
Green to orange
39
Carboxylic acid + alkali -> ?
Carboxylate salt + water
40
Carboxylic acid + metal ->
Carboxylate salt + hydrogen gas
41
Carboxylic acid + carbonate ->
Carboxylate salt + water + carbon dioxide
42
Hydrochloric acid + sodium carbonate ->
Sodium chloride + water + carbon dioxide
43
Carboxylic acid + alcohol ->
Ester + water
44
How do you name an ester?
1st part - alcohol 2nd part - carboxylate salt
45
Does the acid or alcohol have a double oxygen bond?
Acid
46
What is a diol?
An alcohol functional group at both ends of a carbon chain
47
What is the structural formula for ethanol?
CH3CH2OH
48
What is the temperature required for fermentation?
30 degrees Celsius
49
What is the temperature required for hydration of ethene?
300 degrees celcius
50
What pressure does hydration of ethen require?
60-70 atmospheres
51
What is the catalyst for hydration of ethene?
Phosphoric acid
52
Why does fermentation need to happen in anaerobic conditions?
Ethanol acid would form with oxygen This is very acidic
53
What is the equation for hydration of ethene?
C2H4 + H2O -> C2H5OH
54
What is the equation for fermentation?
C6H12O6 -> 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH
55
What is the functional group in carboxylic acids?
COOH
56
What gas is produced when methanoic acid reacts with potassium?
Hydrogen
57
What are the products of a reaction with a carboxylic acid and potassium carbonate?
Salt Water Carbon dioxide
58
What carboxylic acid has a strong smell of vinegar?
Ethanoic acid
59
What does volatile mean?
It can evaporate easily
60
What is one use of esters in chemical industry?
Flavourings
61
What is one property of esters which is useful in perfumes?
Fruity smell
62
To produce an ester what catalyst is used?
Sulfuric acid
63
What is the functional group of esters?
COOH
64
What is the acid and the alcohol in butyl propanoate?
Acid - propanoic acid Alcohol - butanol
65
What is the name of a compound with the same molecular formula but different structural formula?
Isomer
66
What is the problem with burying polymers?
They do not biodegrade so will stay in landfills
67
What is a use of refinery gases?
Cooking
68
What temps are needed for cracking?
600–700 degrees
69
What is the catalyst for cracking?
Silicon dioxide
70
What condition is needed for a substitution reaction?
UV light
71
What are characteristics of compounds in the same homologous series?
Same general formula Similar chemical reactions Trend in physical properties Same functional group
72
Why do straight chain alkenes always have the same empirical formula, but straight chain alkanes have different formula?
General formula of alkenes is CnH2n So alkenes empirical is always CH2 Alkanes general formula is CnH2n+2 So can’t divide by n

Chemistry (9 decks)

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