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Chemistry > Organics > Flashcards

Organics Flashcards

1
Q

Do alkanes or alkenes have a strong single bond?

A

Alkanes

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2
Q

What reaction can alkanes have?

A

Combustion and substitution

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3
Q

What reaction can alkenes have?

A

Additional

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4
Q

What do alkenes do to bromine water?

A

Quickly decolourises it from yellow to colourless (addition reaction)

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5
Q

What is an alkene?

A

Contains one double bond

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6
Q

What is the order of the names for alkenes and alkanes?

A

Meth, eth, prop, but, pent

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7
Q

Is making bonds and endothermic or an exothermic reaction?

A

Exothermic

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8
Q

Is breaking bonds and endothermic or an exothermic reaction?

A

Endothermic

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9
Q

How to you remember the order of names for organics?

A

Monkeys eat proper butter

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10
Q

What type of bonds do alkanes have?

A

Covalent, carbon and hydrogen single bonds only

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11
Q

What type of bonds do alkenes have?

A

One double bond between two carbons, the rest are single

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12
Q

Can alkenes and alkanes combust in oxygen?

A

Yes

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13
Q

How do you test for an alkane?

A

In bromine water, no colour change/reaction (stays yellow)

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14
Q

How do you test for an alkene?

A

Bromine water, turns from yellow to colourless

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15
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated

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16
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

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17
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chain molecule made from lots of smaller ones joined together

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18
Q

Can alkanes and/or alkenes combust in oxygen?

A

Yes

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19
Q

What is the test for alkanes and alkenes?

A

Add to bromine water
Stays yellow if an alkane
Turns colourless if an alkene

20
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

21
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

22
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chained molecule made when lots of smaller ones are added together

23
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A small reactive molecule that can joint together with other monomers

24
Q

What are the two ways to are alcohols?

A

Fermentation
Hydration of ethene

25
Q

What resources does fermentation use?

A

Renewable - sugar beet or sugar cane (starchy materials)

26
Q

What resources does hydration use?

A

Finite, non renewable

27
Q

What type of process is fermentation?

A

Batch process - everything is mixed together then left for a few days

28
Q

What type of process is hydration of ethene?

A

A continuous flow process - is more efficient

29
Q

What is the rate of reaction of fermentation?

A

Slow - takes several days for each batch

30
Q

What is the rate of reaction for hydration of ethene?

31
Q

What quality of product does fermentation produce?

A

Very impure ethanol which requires purification

32
Q

What is the quality of the product in the hydration of ethene?

A

Produces much purer ethanol

33
Q

What reaction conditions does fermentation use?

A

Gentle temperatures and atmospheric pressures

34
Q

What reaction conditions does hydration of ethene require?

A

High temperatures and pressures - uses lots of energy

35
Q

Why is ethanol added to petrol?

A

To make it ‘greener’
It uses up CO2 and releases it so it is carbon neutral

36
Q

How are carboxylic acids formed?

A

Oxidation of alcohol

37
Q

What is the catalyst in the formation of carboxylic acids?

A

Potassium dichromate

38
Q

What colour does a carboxylic acid turn with potassium dichromate solution?

A

Green to orange

39
Q

Carboxylic acid + alkali -> ?

A

Carboxylate salt + water

40
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal ->

A

Carboxylate salt + hydrogen gas

41
Q

Carboxylic acid + carbonate ->

A

Carboxylate salt + water + carbon dioxide

42
Q

Hydrochloric acid + sodium carbonate ->

A

Sodium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

43
Q

Carboxylic acid + alcohol ->

A

Ester + water

44
Q

How do you name an ester?

A

1st part - alcohol
2nd part - carboxylate salt

45
Q

Does the acid or alcohol have a double oxygen bond?

46
Q

What is a diol?

A

An alcohol functional group at both ends of a carbon chain

Chemistry (9 decks)

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