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Chemistry > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you tell in a substance is a metal?

A
  • high melting point
  • malleable
  • shiny
  • electrical conductors
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2
Q

What is a solute?

A

The substance which is going to be dissolved

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3
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A liquid which is going to do the dissolving

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4
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a proton?

A

Mass - 1
Charge - +1

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5
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of an electron?

A

Mass - 0.0005
Charge - -1

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6
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?

A

Mass - 1
Charge - 0

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7
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

Number of protons

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8
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons (on top)

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9
Q

How do you work out the relative atomic mass?

A

(Abundance x mass number) + (abundance x mass number)
————————————————————————————
100

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10
Q

What does OIL RIG stand for?

A

O xidisation
Is
Loss of electrons

Reduction
Is
Gain of electrons

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11
Q

How are particles arranged in an ionic compound?

A

Giant ionic lattice

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12
Q

What are ionic properties?

A

High melting points - ionic bonds are very strong and there are lots of them, lots of energy required to break bonds
Electrical conductivity - can only conduct if liquid or dissolved as particles are free to move

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13
Q

Acid + base -> ?

A

Salt + Water

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14
Q

What are the two components of a metallic structure?

A
  • lattice of positive metal ions
  • sea of delocalised ions
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15
Q

Metal + water -> ?

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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16
Q

What are the observations in a metal + water reaction?

A
  • effervescence
  • solid disappears
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17
Q

What is the reactivity in group 1?

A

The group gets more reactive as you move down

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18
Q

Acid + metal -> ?

A

Salt + hydrogen

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19
Q

What are the observations in an acid + metal reaction?

A
  • the metal disappears
  • fizzing
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20
Q

When a simple molecular substance boils, what’s bonds are breaking?

A

Inter molecular forces

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21
Q

Why does diamond melt at really high temperatures?

A

Giant lattice structures contain lots of covalent bonds that require lots of energy to break the bonds

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22
Q

What are the properties of diamond?

A
  • giant structure, covalent bonds very strong, lots of energy needed
  • does not conduct electricity as no electrons are free to move - they are stuck in the bonds
  • used in cutting as it is hard to
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23
Q

What are the properties of graphite?

A
  • giant structure, covalent bonds, lots of energy required
  • conducts electricity because it contains free electrons which are able to move
  • every carbon bonded to 3 other carbons, 1 spare delocalised electron that can move + carry charge
  • soft (solid lubricant), as weak forces between strong layers can be broken
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24
Q

What are the trends in halogens?

A
  • get darker as you move down the group
  • less reactive down the group
  • diatomic
  • melting point increases down the group
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25
Q

What colours are chlorine, bromine and iodine in water?

A

Chlorine - pale yellow
Bromine - orange
Iodine - brown

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26
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to start

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27
Q

What is the collision theory?

A

Reactions can only happen when particles collide with sufficient kinetic energy and are in the correct orientation

28
Q

How do you work out rate of reaction per second?

A

1
_________

Time (s)

29
Q

How does increasing temperature increase the rate of reaction?

A
  • particles have more kinetic energy
  • they move faster
  • more frequent collisions + larger proportion are successful
30
Q

How does increasing the concentration increase the rate of reaction?

A
  • More particles in the same volume
  • more frequent successful collisions
31
Q

How does reducing particle size increase rate of reaction?

A
  • increase in surface area
  • more contact between reactants
  • more frequent successful collisions
32
Q

How does using a catalyst increase rate of reaction?

A
  • reduces activation energy
  • more collisions are successful
  • more frequent successful collisions
33
Q

Carbonate + acid -> ?

A

Water + carbon dioxide + salt

34
Q

Do catalysts get used up in a reaction + what state are they?

A

No
Solid or liquid

35
Q

Hydrogen peroxide -> ?

A

Water + oxygen

36
Q

How do you work out moles?

A

Use the relative formula mass and divide the grams by that

3G of H2O = 3/18 = 0.167 moles

37
Q

How do you work out the relative formula mass?

A

Add the mass numbers (large one)

38
Q

How do you work out the empirical formula?

A

Element. Element
Mass
RAM
Moles
Ratio

39
Q

What is the difference between empirical and molecular formula?

A

Empirical - lowest ratio of elements CH2O
Molecular - actual elements C6H12O6

40
Q

Mol = ?

A

Mass/RFM

41
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of hydrocarbons (hydrogen + carbon)

42
Q

Why does crude oil boil over a range of temperatures?

A

The different hydrocarbons have different boiling points because of the different shapes and sizes

43
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A
  • Separating flukes by boiling them as they have different BP
  • They drain out of separate places as the top is cooler than the bottom
  • Smaller hydrocarbons go out the top
44
Q

Do small or large hydrocarbons have a low boiling point?

A

Small hydrocarbons

45
Q

Are small or large hydrocarbons more flammable?

A

Small

46
Q

Do small or large hydrocarbons have the Smokey flame?

A

Large

47
Q

Do small or large hydrocarbons have a high viscosity?

A

Large

48
Q

What is the formula for carbonate?

A

CO3 (2-)

49
Q

What is the formula for a nitrate?

A

NO3 (-)

50
Q

What is the formula for sulphate?

A

SO4 (2-)

51
Q

What is the formula for ammonium ion?

A

NH4(+)

52
Q

What are halides?

A

A chemical compound that contains a halogen ion

53
Q

How do you work out an rf value?

A

Divide the distance the spot moved by the solvent line

54
Q

What is the formula for ammonia gas?

A

NH3

55
Q

Moles = volume/ ?

A

24 (dm3) or 24000 (cm3)

56
Q

What is the equation for concentration involving moles?

A

Moles = concentrations x volume

57
Q

How do you convert cm3 to dm3?

A

Divide by 1000

58
Q

Acid + alkali -> ?

A

Salt + water

59
Q

What do all acids produce?

A

Hydrogen ions

60
Q

What happens if a base neutralises an acid?

A

Releases hydroxide ions

61
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base

62
Q

Acid + metal oxide -> ?

A

Salt + water

63
Q

Acid + metal hydroxide -> ?

A

Salt + water

64
Q

Acid + metal carbonate -> ?

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

65
Q

Is the atomic number on the bottom or top?

A

Bottom

Chemistry (8 decks)

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