Organics 1 Flashcards
What does Alaphatic mean?
A straight unbranched organic molecule
What does Aromatic mean?
Branches and ringed organic molecules
What are functional groups?
Gives properties and characteristics .
‘Group of atoms That give a family of organic compounds their characteristic reactions’
What is a homologous series?
A series of of compounds that have similar properties and the same general formula
What is the general formula for Alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for Alkenes?
CnH2n
What is the general formula for an Alkyne?
CnH2n-2
What is the general formula for alcohols?
CnH2n+1OH
What is the general formula for halogenoalkanes?
CnH2n+1X
What is the general formula for aldehydes?
CnH2nO
What is the general formula for Ketones?
CnH2nO
What is the general formula for carboxylate acids?
CnH2n+1COOH
What is the general formula for ethers?
CnH2n+2O
What is the general formula for primary amines?
NH2 R
What is general formula?
An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a homologous series?
What is empirical formula?
A formula giving the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound?
What is molecular formula?
Actual number of atoms in each element in a molecule
What is structural formula?
Way of representing molecules that shows the atoms c by c with attached function groups
What is displayed formula?
Shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them
What is skeletal formula?
A simplified organic formulae which only shows the carbon skeletal and associated func groups.
What is addition?
When 2 or more molecules join together
What is polymerisation?
When monomers join to make a polymer
What is elimination?
Reaction where atoms/small groups are lost from c groups
What is substitution?
Where an atom is replaced by another
What is hydrolysis?
Reaction where a molecule is split by H+ and OH- (from water) a catalyst is needed
What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons Or Gain of oxygen Or Loss of H+
What is reduction?
Gain of electrons Or Loss of O2 Or Gain of H+
What is a nucleophile?
An electron pair donor. They can either be negatively charged or have a lone pair of electrons. They are attracted to electron deficient centres
What is an electrophile?
They are electron pair acceptors. Can have either a positive charge or have an area of electron deficiency. Attacked by negative ions and electron rich centres.
What are radicals?
They have a single unpaired electron making them VERY reactive. Products are often a complete mixture. Cause CHAIN REACTIONS!
What is a structural isomer?
Same molecular formula but with different structural formulas
What is a chain isomer?
When the carbon chain is arranged differently?
What is a position isomer?
When it is possible to move where the func. Group is found
What is a func. Group isomer?
Have very dif. Functional groups so have Very dif. Properties but still have same molecular formula
What is a stereoisomer
Same molecular form and structure but differ in 3D space!
What are E-Z isomers?
Isomers that are opposite - stereo isomers
E- entgegen (opposite)
Z- Zusammen (together)
What is the Cahn Ingold prelog?
Used for deciding which group in EZ isomers is given more priority larger atomic number= higher priority, IF the atom is directly bonded to the C are the same you move to the next one, start at the double bond and assign each side separately.
What are cis and trans isomers?
Cis and
