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A-level Chem > Organics 1 > Flashcards

Organics 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Alaphatic mean?

A

A straight unbranched organic molecule

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2
Q

What does Aromatic mean?

A

Branches and ringed organic molecules

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3
Q

What are functional groups?

A

Gives properties and characteristics .

‘Group of atoms That give a family of organic compounds their characteristic reactions’

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4
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A series of of compounds that have similar properties and the same general formula

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5
Q

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

What is the general formula for Alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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7
Q

What is the general formula for an Alkyne?

A

CnH2n-2

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8
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols?

A

CnH2n+1OH

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9
Q

What is the general formula for halogenoalkanes?

A

CnH2n+1X

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10
Q

What is the general formula for aldehydes?

A

CnH2nO

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11
Q

What is the general formula for Ketones?

A

CnH2nO

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12
Q

What is the general formula for carboxylate acids?

A

CnH2n+1COOH

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13
Q

What is the general formula for ethers?

A

CnH2n+2O

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14
Q

What is the general formula for primary amines?

A

NH2 R

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15
Q

What is general formula?

A

An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a homologous series?

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16
Q

What is empirical formula?

A

A formula giving the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound?

17
Q

What is molecular formula?

A

Actual number of atoms in each element in a molecule

18
Q

What is structural formula?

A

Way of representing molecules that shows the atoms c by c with attached function groups

19
Q

What is displayed formula?

A

Shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them

20
Q

What is skeletal formula?

A

A simplified organic formulae which only shows the carbon skeletal and associated func groups.

21
Q

What is addition?

A

When 2 or more molecules join together

22
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

When monomers join to make a polymer

23
Q

What is elimination?

A

Reaction where atoms/small groups are lost from c groups

24
Q

What is substitution?

A

Where an atom is replaced by another

25
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Reaction where a molecule is split by H+ and OH- (from water) a catalyst is needed

26
Q

What is oxidation?

A 
Loss of electrons
Or
Gain of oxygen
Or 
Loss of H+
27
Q

What is reduction?

A 
Gain of electrons
Or
Loss of O2
Or 
Gain of H+
28
Q

What is a nucleophile?

A

An electron pair donor. They can either be negatively charged or have a lone pair of electrons. They are attracted to electron deficient centres

29
Q

What is an electrophile?

A

They are electron pair acceptors. Can have either a positive charge or have an area of electron deficiency. Attacked by negative ions and electron rich centres.

30
Q

What are radicals?

A

They have a single unpaired electron making them VERY reactive. Products are often a complete mixture. Cause CHAIN REACTIONS!

31
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

Same molecular formula but with different structural formulas

32
Q

What is a chain isomer?

A

When the carbon chain is arranged differently?

33
Q

What is a position isomer?

A

When it is possible to move where the func. Group is found

34
Q

What is a func. Group isomer?

A

Have very dif. Functional groups so have Very dif. Properties but still have same molecular formula

35
Q

What is a stereoisomer

A

Same molecular form and structure but differ in 3D space!

36
Q

What are E-Z isomers?

A

Isomers that are opposite - stereo isomers

E- entgegen (opposite)
Z- Zusammen (together)

37
Q

What is the Cahn Ingold prelog?

A

Used for deciding which group in EZ isomers is given more priority larger atomic number= higher priority, IF the atom is directly bonded to the C are the same you move to the next one, start at the double bond and assign each side separately.

38
Q

What are cis and trans isomers?

A

Cis and

A-level Chem (13 decks)

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